列寧政治倫理思想研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-17 12:47
【摘要】：從一般的學(xué)理層面而言,政治倫理所關(guān)涉的主要內(nèi)容是社會(huì)政治共同體(主要是國家)在政治活動(dòng)中所追求的政治價(jià)值理念、社會(huì)制度設(shè)計(jì)過程中所遵循的道德規(guī)范原則和目的性追求以及執(zhí)政黨道德建設(shè)和社會(huì)道德建設(shè)。列寧作為人類歷史上第一個(gè)社會(huì)主義國家的第一代主要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)蘇聯(lián)人民進(jìn)行社會(huì)主義革命和建設(shè)的過程中,在政治實(shí)踐方面大膽探索和改革,形成了較為豐富的政治倫理思想,這些政治倫理思想既是列寧個(gè)人政治智慧、領(lǐng)袖人格和德行操守的體現(xiàn),更是人類歷史上第一個(gè)社會(huì)主義國家在政治實(shí)踐中的道義追求的原初體現(xiàn)。研究列寧的政治倫理思想,不僅可以了解列寧個(gè)人政治倫理思想的豐富內(nèi)涵,也可以思考列寧時(shí)期蘇聯(lián)社會(huì)主義國家在政治價(jià)值追求方面的得與失,更可以為我國當(dāng)下的政治體制改革和帶有本土化色彩的政治倫理思想的建構(gòu)提供有益的參照。 本文從論題研究的緣起入手,分析了研究列寧政治倫理思想的重要意義,研判了當(dāng)今學(xué)術(shù)界在關(guān)于列寧政治思想和政治倫理思想方面所取得的重要進(jìn)展,明確了自己研究的框架和目標(biāo)。論文主體部分分為六章。 第一章分析了列寧政治倫理思想形成的現(xiàn)實(shí)條件。從總體來看,列寧政治倫理思想的形成首先有其重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ),俄國的社會(huì)狀況特別是俄共(布)執(zhí)政時(shí)期所面臨的復(fù)雜的社會(huì)局面、嚴(yán)峻的現(xiàn)實(shí)考驗(yàn)以及蘇聯(lián)社會(huì)主義建設(shè)的曲折進(jìn)程,是列寧政治倫理思想產(chǎn)生發(fā)展的現(xiàn)實(shí)土壤；列寧領(lǐng)導(dǎo)所建立的蘇維埃社會(huì)主義國家也是馬克思恩格斯的政治思想或政治理想在東方社會(huì)的現(xiàn)實(shí)化,因此馬克思恩格斯的政治倫理思想對(duì)列寧政治倫理思想形成起到了直接的啟導(dǎo)作用,也是列寧政治倫理思想形成和發(fā)展最重要的思想理論基礎(chǔ)。當(dāng)然,任何一個(gè)思想家思想的成長也與其個(gè)人的稟賦分不開,列寧獨(dú)特的人生經(jīng)歷也是其政治倫理思想長生發(fā)展的重要條件。 第二章闡發(fā)了列寧政治倫理思想的價(jià)值理念。所謂政治倫理思想的價(jià)值理念即是一種政治倫理思想所主張的價(jià)值目標(biāo),它構(gòu)成了政治倫理思想的內(nèi)核。雖然在這一方面,列寧并沒有太多的顯性話語來加以系統(tǒng)表述,但是無論是他的建國思想、建黨思想、制度運(yùn)行思想和社會(huì)道德教育思想中都滲透了對(duì)自由、民主、平等、公正、和平的訴求,而這也構(gòu)成了列寧政治倫理思想的核心價(jià)值理念,體現(xiàn)了列寧和他所領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的社會(huì)主義國家致力于人的發(fā)展、自由和對(duì)幸福的追求,致力于良好社會(huì)秩序的建立,致力于無產(chǎn)階級(jí)政黨自身的建設(shè)和美好社會(huì)理想的實(shí)現(xiàn)。 第三章探討了列寧的制度倫理思想。所謂制度倫理思想即是關(guān)于制度的倫理底蘊(yùn)和道義依據(jù)的基本思想。社會(huì)主義制度的建立是人類歷史上開創(chuàng)了新紀(jì)元的制度革命,列寧在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)建設(shè)社會(huì)主義的過程中,在社會(huì)制度建設(shè)方面進(jìn)行了大膽的探索,他在制度設(shè)計(jì)、運(yùn)行、監(jiān)督等方面都滲透了他的價(jià)值理念和道義追求。簡言之,列寧始終堅(jiān)持,社會(huì)主義制度必須堅(jiān)持人民性的原則,因此社會(huì)主義國家社會(huì)制度的設(shè)計(jì)和運(yùn)行必須以實(shí)現(xiàn)人的政治解放為前提、以實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)正義為要旨、以實(shí)行政治民主為核心、以促進(jìn)社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展為目標(biāo)。 第四章論述了列寧關(guān)于執(zhí)政黨道德建設(shè)的理論與實(shí)踐。列寧在執(zhí)政黨的道德建設(shè)上既有豐富的思想,同時(shí)也非常注重實(shí)踐,在執(zhí)政黨的道德建設(shè)方面取得了許多經(jīng)驗(yàn)。列寧反對(duì)個(gè)人專權(quán),認(rèn)為個(gè)人專斷和專權(quán)是違背無產(chǎn)階級(jí)政黨道德的,是封建君主和官員的道德表現(xiàn)；列寧強(qiáng)調(diào)黨的集體領(lǐng)導(dǎo),執(zhí)政黨必須服從人民的意志和集體的意志,必須堅(jiān)持集體領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；列寧倡導(dǎo)實(shí)事求是的作風(fēng),他認(rèn)為,執(zhí)政黨必須堅(jiān)持一切從實(shí)際出發(fā),說大話、假話、浮夸是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的道德缺陷；列寧還強(qiáng)調(diào)執(zhí)政黨應(yīng)密切聯(lián)系人民群眾,應(yīng)充分相信群眾,與人民群眾打成一片,這也是對(duì)執(zhí)政黨的特殊的道德要求。 第五章概括了列寧社會(huì)道德建設(shè)的理論與實(shí)踐。通過加強(qiáng)社會(huì)道德教育來推動(dòng)社會(huì)主義事業(yè)的發(fā)展,也是列寧政治倫理思想的重要組成部分。列寧的政治倫理思想不是關(guān)涉社會(huì)政治精英道德操守的觀念或主張,而是關(guān)于建設(shè)社會(huì)主義新的道德風(fēng)尚理論和實(shí)踐。列寧鮮明地提出了建設(shè)“共產(chǎn)主義道德”的觀念,并以此作為蘇聯(lián)社會(huì)主義國家社會(huì)道德建設(shè)的綱領(lǐng)和指南。在實(shí)踐上,列寧提出,提升全體社會(huì)成員和全社會(huì)道德水平的途徑是開展共產(chǎn)主義道德教育,培育共產(chǎn)主義道德文化,錘煉共產(chǎn)主義道德品質(zhì),發(fā)揚(yáng)共產(chǎn)主義勞動(dòng)精神。 第六章總結(jié)了列寧政治倫理思想的特征及當(dāng)代意義。列寧政治倫理思想具有尖銳的批判性、鮮明的實(shí)踐性和突出的創(chuàng)新性。當(dāng)今,列寧關(guān)于政治倫理的思想,仍然是我們寶貴的精神財(cái)富,它對(duì)政治主體的倫理關(guān)懷、對(duì)政治制度的正義追求、對(duì)國家社會(huì)關(guān)系的和諧處理等對(duì)中國共產(chǎn)黨執(zhí)政都有著重要的理論意義和實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)。 列寧政治倫理思想是一筆豐厚的文化遺產(chǎn)。盡管在今天,世界局勢(shì)在不斷發(fā)生著變化；列寧之后,蘇聯(lián)社會(huì)主義國家也可謂命運(yùn)多舛。但是列寧在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)社會(huì)主義革命和建設(shè)過程中所形成的思想和所領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的社會(huì)主義偉大實(shí)踐是永恒的,是永遠(yuǎn)無法被歷史風(fēng)塵所湮沒的。特別是在中國社會(huì)主義的發(fā)展過程中,列寧政治倫理思想的啟示和參照意義是不容忽視的。
[Abstract]:Generally speaking, political ethics is concerned with the political values pursued by the social and political community (mainly the state) in political activities, the principles of moral norms and the pursuit of goals in the design of social systems, and the moral and social construction of the ruling party. Lenin is a human being. In the process of leading the people of the Soviet Union in the socialist revolution and construction, the first major leaders of the first socialist country in history boldly explored and reformed political practice and formed rich political and ethical thoughts, which were Lenin's personal political wisdom, leader's personality and moral integrity. The study of Lenin's political ethics can not only understand the rich connotation of Lenin's personal political ethics, but also reflect on the gains and losses of the Soviet Union's socialist countries in the pursuit of political value in Lenin's time. It can provide useful reference for the reform of political system and the construction of political ethics thought with localization.
This paper begins with the origin of the study of Lenin's political ethics, analyzes the significance of the study of Lenin's political ethics, studies and judges the important progress of the academic circles on Lenin's political thought and political ethics, and defines the framework and objectives of the study.
The first chapter analyzes the realistic conditions for the formation of Lenin's political and ethical thought. Generally speaking, the formation of Lenin's political and ethical thought first has its important realistic foundation. The social situation of Russia, especially the complicated social situation faced by the ruling period of the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik), the severe realistic test and the tortuous progress of the socialist construction of the Soviet Union are the social conditions. Cheng is the realistic soil for the emergence and development of Lenin's political and ethical thought; the Soviet socialist country established under Lenin's leadership is also the realisation of Marx and Engels'political thought or political ideal in the eastern society. Therefore, Marx and Engels' political and ethical thought has played a direct role in the formation of Lenin's political and ethical thought. Utilization is also the most important ideological and theoretical basis for the formation and development of Lenin's political and ethical thought. Of course, the growth of any thinker's thought can not be separated from his personal endowment. Lenin's unique life experience is also an important condition for the long-term development of his political and ethical thought.
The second chapter expounds the value idea of Lenin's political ethics thought.The value idea of the so-called political ethics thought is the value goal advocated by one kind of political ethics thought,which constitutes the core of the political ethics thought.Although in this aspect,Lenin does not have too many explicit words to express systematically,but whether it is his founding of the country. Thought, Party building thought, system operation thought and social moral education thought all permeate the demand for freedom, democracy, equality, justice and peace, which also constitutes the core values of Lenin's political and ethical thought, and reflects Lenin and his socialist country's commitment to human development, freedom and the pursuit of happiness. In order to establish a good social order, we should devote ourselves to the construction of the proletarian party itself and the realization of the ideal of a better society.
The third chapter discusses Lenin's system ethics thought, which is the basic thought about the ethical foundation and moral basis of the system. In short, Lenin always insisted that the socialist system must adhere to the principle of people's character, so the design and operation of the social system of socialist countries must be based on the realization of political emancipation of people and social justice. The aim is to implement political democracy as the core and promote the development of social productive forces.
The fourth chapter discusses Lenin's theory and Practice on the moral construction of the ruling party. Lenin not only has rich ideas but also attaches great importance to practice in the moral construction of the ruling party. He has gained a lot of experience in the moral construction of the ruling party. Lenin emphasized that the ruling party must obey the will of the people and the will of the collective and insist on collective leadership; Lenin advocated the style of seeking truth from facts. He believed that the ruling party must adhere to all proceeding from reality, speaking big words, falsehoods and exaggeration is a serious moral defect. Lenin also emphasized that the ruling party should keep in close contact with the people, fully believe in the masses and integrate with them, which is also a special moral requirement for the ruling party.
The fifth chapter summarizes the theory and practice of Lenin's social moral construction. It is also an important part of Lenin's political and ethical thought to promote the development of socialism by strengthening social moral education. Lenin clearly put forward the concept of "communist morality" as the guiding principle and guideline of social morality construction in socialist countries of the Soviet Union. The Communist moral culture tempered the moral character of communism and carried forward the communist spirit of labor.
Chapter 6 summarizes the characteristics and contemporary significance of Lenin's political ethics.Lenin's political ethics is critical, practical and innovative.Today, Lenin's political ethics is still our precious spiritual wealth.His ethical concern for the political subject and his just pursuit of the political system. Harmonious handling of state and social relations is of great theoretical and practical significance to the ruling of the Communist Party of China.
Lenin's political and ethical thought is a rich cultural heritage. Although today, the world situation is constantly changing; after Lenin, the socialist countries of the Soviet Union also have many fates. It can never be forgotten by the historical dust. Especially in the development of Chinese socialism, the enlightenment and reference significance of Lenin's political ethics can not be ignored.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：A821.6;B82-09
本文編號(hào)：2187678
[Abstract]:Generally speaking, political ethics is concerned with the political values pursued by the social and political community (mainly the state) in political activities, the principles of moral norms and the pursuit of goals in the design of social systems, and the moral and social construction of the ruling party. Lenin is a human being. In the process of leading the people of the Soviet Union in the socialist revolution and construction, the first major leaders of the first socialist country in history boldly explored and reformed political practice and formed rich political and ethical thoughts, which were Lenin's personal political wisdom, leader's personality and moral integrity. The study of Lenin's political ethics can not only understand the rich connotation of Lenin's personal political ethics, but also reflect on the gains and losses of the Soviet Union's socialist countries in the pursuit of political value in Lenin's time. It can provide useful reference for the reform of political system and the construction of political ethics thought with localization.
This paper begins with the origin of the study of Lenin's political ethics, analyzes the significance of the study of Lenin's political ethics, studies and judges the important progress of the academic circles on Lenin's political thought and political ethics, and defines the framework and objectives of the study.
The first chapter analyzes the realistic conditions for the formation of Lenin's political and ethical thought. Generally speaking, the formation of Lenin's political and ethical thought first has its important realistic foundation. The social situation of Russia, especially the complicated social situation faced by the ruling period of the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik), the severe realistic test and the tortuous progress of the socialist construction of the Soviet Union are the social conditions. Cheng is the realistic soil for the emergence and development of Lenin's political and ethical thought; the Soviet socialist country established under Lenin's leadership is also the realisation of Marx and Engels'political thought or political ideal in the eastern society. Therefore, Marx and Engels' political and ethical thought has played a direct role in the formation of Lenin's political and ethical thought. Utilization is also the most important ideological and theoretical basis for the formation and development of Lenin's political and ethical thought. Of course, the growth of any thinker's thought can not be separated from his personal endowment. Lenin's unique life experience is also an important condition for the long-term development of his political and ethical thought.
The second chapter expounds the value idea of Lenin's political ethics thought.The value idea of the so-called political ethics thought is the value goal advocated by one kind of political ethics thought,which constitutes the core of the political ethics thought.Although in this aspect,Lenin does not have too many explicit words to express systematically,but whether it is his founding of the country. Thought, Party building thought, system operation thought and social moral education thought all permeate the demand for freedom, democracy, equality, justice and peace, which also constitutes the core values of Lenin's political and ethical thought, and reflects Lenin and his socialist country's commitment to human development, freedom and the pursuit of happiness. In order to establish a good social order, we should devote ourselves to the construction of the proletarian party itself and the realization of the ideal of a better society.
The third chapter discusses Lenin's system ethics thought, which is the basic thought about the ethical foundation and moral basis of the system. In short, Lenin always insisted that the socialist system must adhere to the principle of people's character, so the design and operation of the social system of socialist countries must be based on the realization of political emancipation of people and social justice. The aim is to implement political democracy as the core and promote the development of social productive forces.
The fourth chapter discusses Lenin's theory and Practice on the moral construction of the ruling party. Lenin not only has rich ideas but also attaches great importance to practice in the moral construction of the ruling party. He has gained a lot of experience in the moral construction of the ruling party. Lenin emphasized that the ruling party must obey the will of the people and the will of the collective and insist on collective leadership; Lenin advocated the style of seeking truth from facts. He believed that the ruling party must adhere to all proceeding from reality, speaking big words, falsehoods and exaggeration is a serious moral defect. Lenin also emphasized that the ruling party should keep in close contact with the people, fully believe in the masses and integrate with them, which is also a special moral requirement for the ruling party.
The fifth chapter summarizes the theory and practice of Lenin's social moral construction. It is also an important part of Lenin's political and ethical thought to promote the development of socialism by strengthening social moral education. Lenin clearly put forward the concept of "communist morality" as the guiding principle and guideline of social morality construction in socialist countries of the Soviet Union. The Communist moral culture tempered the moral character of communism and carried forward the communist spirit of labor.
Chapter 6 summarizes the characteristics and contemporary significance of Lenin's political ethics.Lenin's political ethics is critical, practical and innovative.Today, Lenin's political ethics is still our precious spiritual wealth.His ethical concern for the political subject and his just pursuit of the political system. Harmonious handling of state and social relations is of great theoretical and practical significance to the ruling of the Communist Party of China.
Lenin's political and ethical thought is a rich cultural heritage. Although today, the world situation is constantly changing; after Lenin, the socialist countries of the Soviet Union also have many fates. It can never be forgotten by the historical dust. Especially in the development of Chinese socialism, the enlightenment and reference significance of Lenin's political ethics can not be ignored.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：A821.6;B82-09
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