本文選題：馬克思 + 恩格斯��； 參考：《廣西大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：眾所周知,當(dāng)今人類(lèi)社會(huì)正日益陷入自然生態(tài)危機(jī)和社會(huì)生態(tài)危機(jī)的“雙重困境”,嚴(yán)重阻礙了社會(huì)發(fā)展和文明進(jìn)步。要解決好生態(tài)問(wèn)題,擺脫困境,我們不能僅僅將視野局限于環(huán)境問(wèn)題本身,而應(yīng)該站在理論的高度,以馬克思主義理論為指導(dǎo),才能正確認(rèn)識(shí)全球生態(tài)危機(jī)的本質(zhì)并找到解決問(wèn)題的根本方法。馬克思和恩格斯雖然沒(méi)有提出“生態(tài)批判”的概念,但是,在他們的著作中不乏對(duì)相關(guān)問(wèn)題的探討。馬克思恩格斯的生態(tài)批判思想,一方面,是對(duì)前人“生物進(jìn)化論”、“新陳代謝理論”、“古代社會(huì)”、“人口論”、唯心主義自然觀和舊唯物主義自然觀等理論中自然觀點(diǎn)的批判和超越,另一方面,是對(duì)西方工業(yè)文明下環(huán)境問(wèn)題的回應(yīng)。馬克思恩格斯揭示了資本主義工業(yè)革命對(duì)城市環(huán)境的污染、資本積累對(duì)農(nóng)村生態(tài)的破壞以及死的資本對(duì)勞動(dòng)者生存權(quán)剝奪的現(xiàn)象,從科學(xué)技術(shù)的不合理應(yīng)用、勞動(dòng)異化、物質(zhì)變換斷裂和資本邏輯四個(gè)方面,分析了資本主義國(guó)家人與自然關(guān)系沖突的原因,指出所有問(wèn)題的實(shí)質(zhì)在于資本主義私有制具有嚴(yán)重的生態(tài)破壞性。所以,問(wèn)題的解決除了要從意識(shí)層面重塑生態(tài)理念,凈化被“反生態(tài)的資本理性”污染了的人的思想,還要從實(shí)踐層面消融生態(tài)桎梏,結(jié)束資本邏輯統(tǒng)治自然界和人的歷史,解放人的天性,還人以“自由全面發(fā)展”的權(quán)力,釋放大自然的積極能量,建立符合人類(lèi)社會(huì)和自然界長(zhǎng)久發(fā)展的宜居社會(huì)——共產(chǎn)主義。面對(duì)全球生態(tài)危機(jī),馬克思恩格斯的生態(tài)批判思想依然可以發(fā)揮余熱。在理論上,豐富和拓展了馬克思主義批判理論、深化了人們對(duì)資本主義制度反生態(tài)性認(rèn)識(shí)、推動(dòng)了工業(yè)文明向生態(tài)文明的轉(zhuǎn)型；在實(shí)踐上,不僅為全球生態(tài)危機(jī)的解決指明方向,也為中國(guó)特色生態(tài)文明建設(shè)提供理論指導(dǎo)和行動(dòng)指南。但是,隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展,該理論或多或少地展現(xiàn)出一定的局限性,不但理論的實(shí)際操作與生態(tài)危機(jī)的最終解決存在一定距離,而且理論在社會(huì)主義國(guó)家建設(shè)中的適用性問(wèn)題尚待驗(yàn)證。
[Abstract]:As we all know, today's human society is increasingly caught in the "double predicament" of natural ecological crisis and social ecological crisis, which seriously hinders the development of society and the progress of civilization. In order to solve the ecological problem and get rid of the predicament, we should not only limit our vision to the environmental problem itself, but also stand at the height of theory, guided by Marxist theory. In order to correctly understand the nature of the global ecological crisis and find a fundamental solution to the problem. Although Marx and Engels did not put forward the concept of "ecological criticism", they did not lack the discussion of related problems in their works. Marx and Engels' ecological critical thought, on the one hand, is about the former "biological evolution", "metabolism theory", "ancient society", "population theory", On the other hand, the criticism and transcendence of the natural viewpoints in the idealist view of nature and the old materialist view of nature, on the other hand, are responses to the environmental problems under the western industrial civilization. Marx and Engels revealed the pollution of the urban environment caused by the capitalist industrial revolution, the destruction of rural ecology caused by capital accumulation and the deprivation of workers' right to subsistence by dead capital, from the irrational application of science and technology to the alienation of labor. This paper analyzes the causes of the conflict between man and nature in capitalist countries from four aspects of material transformation and capital logic, and points out that the essence of all the problems lies in the serious ecological destruction of capitalist private ownership. Therefore, in order to solve the problem, we should not only reshape the ecological concept from the consciousness level, purify the thought of people who have been polluted by the "anti-ecological capital rationality", but also melt the ecological shackles from the practical level, and end the logical domination of the natural world and the history of human beings by the capital logic. Liberating human nature, giving people the power of "free and all-round development", releasing the positive energy of nature, and establishing a livable society, communism, which conforms to the long-term development of human society and nature. In the face of the global ecological crisis, Marx and Engels' ecological critical thought can still play a residual heat. Theoretically, it enriches and expands the Marxist critical theory, deepens people's understanding of the anti-ecological nature of capitalist system, and promotes the transformation of industrial civilization to ecological civilization. It not only points out the direction of solving the global ecological crisis, but also provides theoretical guidance and action guide for the construction of ecological civilization with Chinese characteristics. However, with the development of the times, the theory more or less shows certain limitations, not only the practical operation of the theory and the final solution of the ecological crisis, there is a certain distance. Moreover, the applicability of theory in the construction of socialist country needs to be proved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：A811;X2

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1 劉明明;馬克思恩格斯生態(tài)批判思想研究[D];廣西大學(xué);2016年

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