本文選題：列寧 + 俄共(布)　； 參考：《南京師范大學》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：十月革命勝利后,列寧在領導俄共(布)進行社會主義建設的同時高度重視執(zhí)政黨建設,提出了相對完整的執(zhí)政黨建設理論。列寧執(zhí)政黨建設理論包括黨的思想建設、組織建設、作風建設、反腐倡廉建設以及制度建設。針對此,本文系統(tǒng)總結(jié)、科學歸納了列寧執(zhí)政黨建設理論,并簡要論述了其對于中國共產(chǎn)黨建設的理論和實踐意義。列寧注重執(zhí)政黨的思想建設,堅持用馬克思主義理論指導蘇俄的社會主義建設,不斷加強社會主義政治、經(jīng)濟、文化建設；在高舉馬克思主義旗幟的同時,與形形色色的錯誤思潮作斗爭；要求執(zhí)政的俄共(布)掌握馬克思主義活的靈魂,當思想領導者,并且在探索中發(fā)展馬克思主義。由于列寧相關思想的指導和啟示,當代中國共產(chǎn)黨人要求全體黨員和干部學習馬克思主義,講求思想宣傳工作的針對性,捍衛(wèi)馬克思主義在意識形態(tài)領域的指導地位,用中國特色社會主義理論統(tǒng)一全體人民的思想。列寧注重執(zhí)政黨的組織建設,要求執(zhí)政黨在接收新黨員時對申請入黨者進行仔細的審查,而且對入黨介紹人提出從思想上政治上幫助申請者的措施和辦法；規(guī)定新黨員的預備期,切實考察預備黨員的個人品質(zhì)；定期進行組織整頓和清理,純潔黨的隊伍。列寧認為,黨作為組織的先鋒隊,組織上必須高度統(tǒng)一；要制定正確的黨綱和黨章,規(guī)范黨的建設和活動；要堅決反對黨內(nèi)的派別活動。列寧認為,執(zhí)政黨必須堅持民主集中制——即“尊重黨員主體地位、少數(shù)服從多數(shù)、保護少數(shù)人的權(quán)益以及維護黨的集中統(tǒng)—”的制度；民主集中制既是科學而可行的組織原則,又是民主與集中有機統(tǒng)—的組織制度。列寧還對執(zhí)政黨干部的素質(zhì)養(yǎng)成、選拔、考查與培養(yǎng)工作提出了一系列重要觀點,要求黨的干部具有社會主義信念,受過教育和訓練,有知識,有獨立負責精神,還要有圍繞新任務做好工作的本領。執(zhí)政黨必須“深入下層,大膽起用新人”；必須提拔非黨人才,讓他們擔任公職；必須培養(yǎng)選拔少數(shù)民族干部,發(fā)揮他們在當?shù)氐淖饔茫贿x拔重要崗位的干部時必須掌握干部的“全部活動”、“個人特點”,堅持嚴格的“選拔條件”。列寧認為,執(zhí)政黨考查干部“應當慎重、注意分寸”,應將“檢查工作”與“主動學習”結(jié)合起來,在實踐中檢查工作、考查干部,并要求各職能部門主動介入考察,加強監(jiān)督。列寧還提出,執(zhí)政黨必須通過正確分配工作、多崗異地、“從下面提拔”上來與下派“到地方工作”相結(jié)合等多種方式培養(yǎng)干部。當代中國共產(chǎn)黨人借鑒列寧的思想和實踐,從黨的自身建設實際出發(fā),要求控制黨員發(fā)展數(shù)量,提高黨員質(zhì)量；要求夯實基層組織,鞏固執(zhí)政組織基礎；還要求各級黨組織“一把手”帶頭執(zhí)行黨的民主集中制。列寧注重執(zhí)政黨的作風建設,要求執(zhí)政黨反對“革命空談”,“腳踏實地”地開展工作。特別是在蘇俄要不要同德國簽訂布列斯特和約、要不要實施國家資本主義的問題上,他提出要反對“革命空談”。他要求執(zhí)政黨維護人民利益,克服官僚主義,保持與人民群眾的“活的聯(lián)系”；要求注意分寸,“慎重批評”,不為批評而批評；要求改進學習風氣,堅持學習、學習、再學習,學習如何管理國家和發(fā)展生產(chǎn),向資本家學習管理經(jīng)濟的本領并同資本家開展競賽,學習機關管理與進行機構(gòu)改革。在列寧思想的熏陶和引領下,當代中國共產(chǎn)黨人在新的歷史條件下努力密切黨群關系,不斷鞏固執(zhí)政地位；并勇于直面“四大考驗”,克服“四種危險”。列寧注重執(zhí)政黨的反腐倡廉建設,要求執(zhí)政黨堅決反對官僚主義。認為鐵一般的黨組織依賴于鐵一般的紀律,黨員特別是黨的干部必須嚴守黨的政治、組織紀律。要求黨組織正確報告財務開支情況,用好每一個戈比,并主動接受檢查和監(jiān)督。要求制訂法令,懲治腐敗。要求加倍嚴厲處置黨員受賄犯罪的案件,不得縱容包庇犯罪的“黨員”；必須將試圖對法庭“施加影響”而包庇罪犯的黨員開除出黨。借鑒列寧的思想和實踐,當代中國共產(chǎn)黨人在全面深化改革新時期號召全體黨員和干部認真學習貫徹黨章,維護中央權(quán)威；堅持懲治腐敗行為,筑牢執(zhí)政根基。列寧注重執(zhí)政黨的制度建設,領導建立并健全了黨的民主集中制；堅持實施黨的選舉制,并將委任制作為干部任用的必要補充手段；堅持集體領導制,既防止個人專斷,又明確個人分工,保證決策有效執(zhí)行；健全黨的監(jiān)督制,在實施黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督的基礎上實施法律監(jiān)督、群眾監(jiān)督、輿論監(jiān)督；要求實施黨的代表大會年會制。當代中國共產(chǎn)黨人在學習、傳承列寧思想和實踐的同時,與時俱進,不斷完善黨的制度,著力提高黨治理國家的能力。列寧執(zhí)政黨建設理論以馬克思主義政黨建設思想為基礎,在蘇俄社會主義建設實踐中不斷豐富和發(fā)展,是馬克思主義政黨建設思想的新階段,是各社會主義國家執(zhí)政黨建設的行動指南。它對于新時期中國共產(chǎn)黨的建設和發(fā)展起到了重要的借鑒作用和啟示作用。當代中國共產(chǎn)黨人在改革開放和中國特色社會主義建設過程中,以新的經(jīng)驗進一步豐富和發(fā)展了列寧執(zhí)政黨建設理論。
[Abstract]:After the victory of the October Revolution , Lenin attached great importance to the construction of the ruling party and put forward the relatively complete theory of party construction .
While holding the banner of Marxism , fight against the wrong thoughts of all sorts of colors ;
The Communist Party of China ( CPC ) demands that all Party members and cadres should study Marxism , seek the pertinence of ideological propaganda work , safeguard Marxism ' s guiding status in the ideological field , and safeguard Marxism ' s guiding status in the ideological field , and to safeguard Marxism ' s guiding status in the ideological field , and to safeguard Marxism ' s guiding status in the ideological field .
To stipulate the probationary period of the new Party members and to examine the personal qualities of the Party members ;
The Party , as the vanguard of the organization , must be highly unified as the vanguard of the organization .
To formulate correct party lines and party chapters , to regulate the Party ' s construction and activities ;
In the view of Lenin , the ruling party must adhere to the system of democratic centralism , that is , " respecting the status of the Party members , the minority obedience to the majority , the protection of the interests of minorities and the centralization of the Party . "
The democratic centralism is not only the scientific but feasible organization principle , but also the organization system of democracy and centralized organic system . Lenin also put forward a series of important opinions on the cultivation , selection , examination and cultivation of the cadres of the ruling party .
Non - party talent must be promoted to hold them in public office ;
The cadres of ethnic minorities must be trained to play their role in the local area ;
According to Lenin ' s thought and practice , the ruling party must adopt the thought and practice of Lenin and request to control the development quantity of Party members and improve the quality of Party members .
To request the consolidation of grass - roots organizations and consolidate the foundation of the ruling organization ;
He also urged Party organizations at all levels to take the lead in carrying out the Party ' s democratic centralism . Lenin focused on the construction of the Party ' s style of work and demanded the ruling party to oppose the " revolutionary talk " and " down the ground " .
Ask to pay attention to the position , " careful criticism " , not criticize for criticism ;
It is required to improve the learning style , adhere to the study , learn , learn , learn how to manage the country and develop the production , study the management of the economy to the capitalist and carry out the competition with the capitalist , study the organ management and carry out the institutional reform . Under the edification and guidance of Lenin ' s thought , the contemporary Chinese Communist Party has made great efforts to close the Party - group relations under the new historical conditions and consolidate the ruling status .
In order to overcome the " four risks " , Lenin focused on the anti - corruption and honest construction of the ruling party and demanded that the ruling party firmly oppose bureaucracy . The party organization , in particular the Party , must strictly observe the Party ' s political and organizational discipline .
Party members and cadres who try to exert influence on the court must be expelled from the party . In the light of Lenin ' s thought and practice , the contemporary Chinese Communist Party called on all Party members and cadres to study and implement the Party Constitution and maintain the central authority in the new period of comprehensive reform .
To persist in punishing acts of corruption and building up the ruling foundation . Lenin lays stress on the system construction of the ruling party , and leads the establishment and perfection of the Party ' s democratic centralism ;
To adhere to the Party ' s electoral system , and use it as the necessary supplementary means for the appointment of cadres ;
We should adhere to the system of collective leadership , not only to prevent the individual from being arbitrary , but also to make clear the division of labor and ensure the effective implementation of decision - making ;
To perfect the Party ' s supervision system , carry out the supervision of the law , the mass supervision and public opinion supervision on the basis of implementing the inner - party supervision ;
The Communist Party of China ( CPC ) has played an important role in the construction and development of the Communist Party of China in the course of the reform and opening - up and the socialist construction of Chinese characteristics .
【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：A821

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