本文選題：文明　切入點：馬克思主義文明理論　出處：《中國社會科學院研究生院》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：歷史進入21世紀，世界多極化、經濟全球化和文化多樣化持續(xù)推進，不同文明之間的碰撞與交流呈現出前所未有的態(tài)勢。當前，深入研究馬克思主義文明理論，推動中國社會主義文明建設進步，是理論界不能回避的重要課題。 通過對文明進程的歷史考察可以看到，一方面，自人類步入現代社會以來，世界各主要國家通過文明理論創(chuàng)新，不僅積極促進了本國文明的進步，而且也客觀上推動了人類文明的發(fā)展繁榮；另一方面，由于利益沖突、文化差異等因素制約，傳統(tǒng)文明理論存在著一些歷史局限性。雖然“文明循環(huán)論”、“歷史終結論”、“文明沖突論”對西方社會乃至世界都產生了巨大影響，但是它們把對文明的探討建立在抽象人性論、理性決定論甚至神創(chuàng)文明論的基礎之上，陷入了唯心主義的泥淖之中。正是在思想方法、基本觀點、邏輯體系等方面對人類傳統(tǒng)文明理論邏輯的繼承與超越，馬克思主義文明理論才實現了人類文明思想史上的深刻變革和偉大飛躍。因此，立足于辯證唯物主義、歷史唯物主義的理論基礎，對馬克思主義文明理論的產生、運用與發(fā)展進行系統(tǒng)的歷史回顧和梳理，再現馬克思主義文明理論發(fā)展史上的重要觀點，進而真實展示馬克思主義文明理論的概貌，，這對于我們科學對待各種文明理論，推進馬克思主義文明理論的實踐，具有重要的理論和現實意義。 通過對人類文明思想史的考察可以清晰地看到，馬克思主義文明理論在文明思想史上的突破創(chuàng)新，集中體現在以下幾個方面：其一，在文明的本質內涵上，以全面和諧進步來界定文明，超越了主要從精神角度對文明所做的抽象理解；其二，在推動文明進步的方式上，強調勞動實踐、階級斗爭和不同文明的交流融合，超越了唯心史觀；其三，在文明進步的主體上，強調人民群眾的歷史主體作用，超越了英雄史觀；其四，在文明的評價標準上，強調生產力和生產關系統(tǒng)一的標準，超越了片面追求物質財富增長的物質至上主義。 以人類文明史及規(guī)律為研究對象，圍繞“什么是文明、如何推進文明進步”、“誰來推動文明進步、如何發(fā)揮文明創(chuàng)造者的歷史主體作用”、“如何評價文明、如何進行不同文明之間的交流”的基本問題，馬克思主義文明理論形成了自身獨特的邏輯體系。文明本質論、文明動力論和文明評價標準論是它的理論基石；人類文明進程的一般規(guī)律、世界主要地區(qū)和民族文明進程的特殊規(guī)律、人類文明進步基本方面的具體規(guī)律、中國社會主義文明建設的個別規(guī)律共同構成了它的主體框架；奴役文明與自主文明、私有制文明與公有制文明、物質文明與精神文明、世界文明與民族文明是它的四對基本范疇；主體文明、社會文明（廣義的）、生態(tài)文明是它在實踐領域的三個基本方面。 馬克思主義文明理論運用和完善了歷史唯物主義、豐富和發(fā)展了馬克思主義社會發(fā)展理論，對于當代中國文明建設實踐具有重要指導作用：其一，堅持以馬克思主義文明理論為指導，借鑒傳統(tǒng)文明理論優(yōu)秀成果；其二，堅持中國共產黨的領導，發(fā)揮人民群眾的主體作用；其三，堅持以經濟建設為中心，推動文明全面進步；其四，堅持推動社會文明進步，提高人民文明素質。
[Abstract]:Entered the twenty-first Century, continue to promote world multipolarization, economic globalization and cultural diversity, interactions and exchanges between different civilizations showing a hitherto unknown situation. At present, in-depth study of Marx's theory of civilization, to promote the construction of socialist civilization China progress, is an important issue in the theory can not be avoided.
Based on the process of civilization history can be seen, on the one hand, since mankind entered the modern society, the main countries of the world civilization through theoretical innovation, not only actively promote their own civilization, but also an objective to promote the development and prosperity of human civilization; on the other hand, due to the conflict of interests, restricting the cultural differences and other factors, the traditional theory of civilization has some historical limitations. Although the "civilization cycle theory", "the end of history", "clash of Civilizations" have had a great influence on Western society and the world, but they put on the civilization based on the abstract theory of human nature, a rational decision on the basis of the above theory and even God created civilization. Caught in the quagmire of idealism. It is in the way of thinking, the basic point of view, the logic system of inheritance of traditional human civilization theory logic and Transcendence of Marx's civilization. The theory to realize the profound change in thinking on the history of human civilization and the great leap forward. Therefore, based on the basic theory of dialectical materialism, historical materialism, Marx's theory of civilization, the use of systematic reviewing and combing with the development history of the development of Marx's view of the important representation of civilization theory, and true show the overview of Marx's civilization theory, which for our science towards civilization theory, promote the practice of Marx's theory of civilization, has important theoretical and practical significance.
Through the investigation of the history of human civilization can be seen clearly, breakthrough and innovation of Marx's civilization theory in the history of civilization thought, embodied in the following aspects: first, the essence of civilization, to comprehensive and harmonious progress to define civilization beyond the abstract understanding mainly from the spiritual perspective of civilization do; second, in promoting the civilization and progress of the way, emphasizing the labor practice, class struggle and exchanges among different civilizations fusion, beyond the historical idealism; thirdly, the main progress of civilization, emphasizing the historical main body role of the masses, beyond the history of heroes; fourth, the evaluation standard of civilization, stressing unity the productivity and relations of production standards, beyond the one-sided pursuit of material wealth of materialism.
In the history of human civilization and law as the research object, focusing on "what is civilization, how to promote the progress of civilization", "who will promote the progress of civilization, civilization history of how to play the main role of the creator", "how to evaluate the civilization, the basic problem how to carry out the exchange among different civilizations", Marx's theory of civilization has formed its own unique the logic of the system. The essence of civilization, civilization and civilization on the dynamic evaluation standard theory is the theoretical basis of it; the general law of human civilization, the special law of main regions of the world and civilization process, specific law basic aspects of the progress of human civilization, the individual law Chinese socialist civilization construction constitute the main framework of it; slave civilization and independent civilization, private ownership and public ownership of civilization civilization, material civilization and spiritual civilization, the world civilization and civilization is its four The basic category; the subject civilization, the social civilization (in the broad sense), the ecological civilization is its three basic aspects in the field of practice.
Marx's civilization theory and historical materialism perfect, enrich and develop Marx's theory of social development, has an important guiding role for contemporary China civilization construction practice: first, adhere to the theory of Marx's civilization as a guide, from the traditional civilization theory of outstanding achievements; second, adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party of China, play the main role the masses of the people; thirdly, focusing on economic construction, promoting the overall progress of civilization; fourth, to promote social progress and civilization, improve people's quality of civilization.

【學位授予單位】：中國社會科學院研究生院
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：A81;D61

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