本文關(guān)鍵詞： 馬克思 技術(shù)批判 唯物史觀 資本批判　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：技術(shù)與人類社會的發(fā)展息息相關(guān),技術(shù)的進(jìn)步深刻地改變著人們的生產(chǎn)生活和世界的面貌,推動著人類文明的進(jìn)步,但是技術(shù)在發(fā)展過程中與人、自然、社會等產(chǎn)生了各種各樣的矛盾,造成了人、自然的異化,以至于對技術(shù)的批判成為學(xué)術(shù)界的熱點問題。而馬克思在對資本主義社會進(jìn)行批判的過程中也面向了技術(shù),對技術(shù)問題提出了自己的看法,形成了技術(shù)批判的觀點和思想,但是學(xué)術(shù)界對馬克思技術(shù)批判思想的闡釋存在著眾多的分歧,在技術(shù)與人、自然、社會的關(guān)系等方面存在著許多誤解,特別是沒有把技術(shù)放在一定的社會關(guān)系中和社會歷史環(huán)境中去理解。因此我們需要深入研究馬克思的技術(shù)批判思想,消除他們對馬克思技術(shù)觀的誤解,澄清馬克思技術(shù)批判思想的精神實質(zhì)。在人-技術(shù)-自然的關(guān)系鏈條中,首先技術(shù)是人的創(chuàng)造物,自然是技術(shù)的作用對象之一,技術(shù)最初就是處理人與自然關(guān)系的中介。人們在處理人與自然關(guān)系的過程中逐漸形成了人與人之間的關(guān)系,即社會。技術(shù)與人、自然的關(guān)系就是發(fā)生在一定社會當(dāng)中的,處于一定的社會歷史環(huán)境中的,而在現(xiàn)代社會中,資本就是這種特定的社會歷史環(huán)境。馬克思是在歷史唯物主義的視野下考察技術(shù)的。技術(shù)起源于人的需要,是人本質(zhì)力量的對象化,然而,在資本主義社會技術(shù)卻導(dǎo)致了人的異化,造成對人的奴役、對人身的摧殘,要消除異化實現(xiàn)人的自由和解放也要依靠技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,依賴于社會的工業(yè)、商業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)和人們之間交往模式的革新,這是一個歷史活動。自然也是我們思考技術(shù)的一個重要維度。技術(shù)是我們改造自然的重要手段,它的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展要有一定的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),要遵循一定的自然規(guī)律。在當(dāng)代,技術(shù)的發(fā)展在一定程度上造成了自然的異化,即全球的生態(tài)危機,但是生態(tài)危機最重要的根源并不是技術(shù)本身,而是技術(shù)的資本主義應(yīng)用,要想實現(xiàn)人與自然的和解,不僅要依靠技術(shù)的發(fā)展,更重要的是揚棄這種制度本身。同時在馬克思看來,技術(shù)與社會之間存在著互動,這種互動是立體的、多層面的,一方面技術(shù)活動存在于社會生活的各個領(lǐng)域,技術(shù)對社會發(fā)展起著革命性作用,另一方面技術(shù)是社會中的技術(shù),社會制約、影響、塑造著技術(shù),所謂技術(shù)決定論的觀點是對馬克思的誤解。在當(dāng)代社會,資本成為社會的軸心力量,技術(shù)也成為我們生存的重要背景,兩者之間有著緊密的聯(lián)系,一方面技術(shù)與資本具有一致性,技術(shù)促進(jìn)資本的增殖,資本推動著技術(shù)的發(fā)展;另一方面,技術(shù)與資本卻又相互背離,資本會阻礙技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,而技術(shù)又有超越資本的傾向。技術(shù)和資本的結(jié)盟導(dǎo)致現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)方式——工業(yè)生產(chǎn)體系的產(chǎn)生,也正是現(xiàn)代的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)體系構(gòu)成了技術(shù)與資本合謀的現(xiàn)實基礎(chǔ)。在現(xiàn)代的生產(chǎn)方式基礎(chǔ)上,社會的政治、經(jīng)濟、文化、藝術(shù)發(fā)生變化,現(xiàn)代人的思想觀念、思維方式也發(fā)生改變,然后資本向外擴展、全球殖民,形成世界市場,最終成為我們這個時代的主要的社會形態(tài),造就了我們這個社會的基本面貌。技術(shù)與資本的合謀共同推動了社會的發(fā)展與進(jìn)步,是現(xiàn)代性生成的重要原因,現(xiàn)在我們對現(xiàn)代性進(jìn)行批判和反思,就要把對技術(shù)的批判和對技術(shù)所處的物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)關(guān)系——即資本的批判統(tǒng)一起來,這樣就可以把批判的武器和武器的批判相結(jié)合,從而實現(xiàn)對現(xiàn)代性強有力的回應(yīng)。而要對資本進(jìn)行批判,就必須拋棄技術(shù)為資本服務(wù)的觀念,要樹立技術(shù)人化發(fā)展的理念,明確技術(shù)發(fā)展的最終目的是人,而不是資本。
[Abstract]:With the development of human society is closely related to the progress of technology has profoundly changed people's production and life and the world outlook, promoting the progress of human civilization, but in the process of development and human, nature, society has produced all kinds of contradiction, cause, alienation of nature, that criticism of technology has become a hot issue in academic circles. And Marx in the critique of capitalist society in the process of facing the technology, put forward views on technical problems, the formation of technical critical views and ideas, but the academic interpretation of Marx's technological criticism ideology exist many differences in nature, technology and people. Social relations and other aspects, there is a lot of misunderstanding, especially not the technology in certain social relations and social historical environment to understand. So we need to in-depth study of Mark Thinking of technology criticism, to eliminate their misunderstanding of Marx's technological view, clarify the essence of Marx's technological criticism ideology. In the relationship between the chain of people - technology - nature, the technology is a human creation and nature is one of the role of object technology, technology is the first intermediary physical relationship between man and nature. The formation of the relationship between people gradually in the process of the relationship between man and nature in the society. People technology and the nature of the relationship is happening in a certain society, in a certain social and historical environment, and in modern society, capital is the specific social and historical conditions. Marx is the investigation of the technology in the view of historical materialism. The technology originated from the needs of the people, is the human nature of the power of the object, however, in the capitalist society technology has led to the alienation of people, caused by the enslavement of the people, to The personal humiliation, to eliminate the alienation of human's freedom and liberation also depends on the progress of technology, depends on the social industrial, commercial, agricultural and human communication mode between innovation, this is a historical event. An important dimension of nature is our thinking technology. Technology is an important means for us to transform nature its emergence and development, there must be some material basis, to follow the law of nature. At present, the development of technology has caused the alienation of nature to a certain extent, the global ecological crisis, but the most important source of ecological crisis is not the technology itself, but the capitalism application technology, in order to achieve the reconciliation between man and nature, not only to rely on the development of technology, more important is the sublation of the system itself. At the same time, in Marx's view, there is interaction between technology and society, and this interaction is a three-dimensional, multi-level The various fields of technology, on one hand, exists in the social life, technology and social development plays a revolutionary role, on the other hand, technology is the technology in society, social control, influence, shaping technology, technological determinism is the misunderstanding of Marx. In contemporary society, social capital has become the core force that technology has become an important background to our survival, there is close connection between the two, on the one hand and the capital is consistent, the proliferation of technology to promote the capital, capital to promote technological development; on the other hand, technology and capital but deviate from each other, the capital will hinder the progress of technology, technology and beyond the capital tendency. The technology and capital alliance in the modern mode of production, industrial production system, is the modern industrial production system constitutes the basis of technology and capital in collusion. Based on the way of social, political, economic, cultural, artistic change, modern people's idea, mode of thinking has changed, then the capital expansion, global colonization, formation of the world market, and eventually become the main social form of our era, creating the basic features of our society. And capital conspire together to promote the social development and progress, is an important reason for the modern generation, we now to the modernity critique and reflection, to critique of technology and material on the production technology -- capital unified criticism, so you can put the weapon of criticism and the combination of weapons, in order to achieve a strong response to Modernity. To the criticism of the capital, we must abandon the technology capital service concept, to establish the concept of humanized technology development, The ultimate goal of the development of technology is human, not capital.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：A81

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