蘇爾漢河流域早期貴霜遺存初步研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-08 16:22
【摘要】：蘇爾漢河地處中亞烏茲別克斯坦,屬于阿姆河一級支流,其主要流經(jīng)烏茲別克斯坦蘇爾漢河州。早期貴霜有別于貴霜帝國,本文所論述早期貴霜指希臘-巴克特里亞王國放棄對蘇爾漢河流域的控制之后到貴霜帝國建立之前的時間范圍。在蘇爾漢河流域經(jīng)考古調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)了86座含早期貴霜時期的遺址,其中部分遺址經(jīng)過發(fā)掘,出土了大量的陶器以及錢幣。這些資料均以俄文發(fā)表,本文以此為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行研究。本文共分四個部分,對蘇爾漢河流域早期貴霜時期典型陶器的形制、演變、分期等特征進(jìn)行了分析,進(jìn)而對該地區(qū)這一時期的人口構(gòu)成、宗教信仰等問題等做以探討。第一部分,緒論。對蘇爾漢河流域的自然地理概況、歷史沿革、以及該地區(qū)以往的歷史發(fā)現(xiàn)做簡要概述。并說明本文的寫作緣起和研究方法。第二部分,類型學(xué)分析。結(jié)合地層學(xué),對已發(fā)掘的六個遺址中所出土的圈足杯、圈足碗、單耳壺、雙耳壺、無耳壺、缽、罐、甕、盤等九類陶器進(jìn)行類型學(xué)分析。第三部分,分期與年代。在類型學(xué)分析的基礎(chǔ)上,將本地區(qū)陶器分為三期四段,分別為希臘化時期(第一段)、早期貴霜時期(第二段)與貴霜帝國早期(第三段)、貴霜帝國中晚期(第四段)。第一期器類單一,包括圈足杯B Ⅰ式、圈足碗AⅠ式、Cb型、甕A型、盤,AⅠ式圈足碗唇部較厚,腹壁斜直,平底,具有明顯的希臘風(fēng)格。到第二期,器類出現(xiàn)了明顯增長,圈足杯AaⅠ式、AaⅡ式、Ab型、BⅡ式、BⅢ式、圈足碗BⅡ式、BⅢ式、Ca Ⅰ式、CaⅡ式、單耳壺AⅠ式、AⅡ式、雙耳壺A型、BⅠ式、BⅡ式等成為本期的代表,希臘風(fēng)格開始消退的現(xiàn)象,而本地特點逐漸顯現(xiàn)。第三期器類又較為單一,很多器類消失,本地特點占據(jù)統(tǒng)治地位。主要器形是圈足杯BⅣ式和單耳壺AⅢ式。第四部分,相關(guān)問題探討。從錢幣上面的紋樣圖案和出土的分布范圍可推,“赫勞斯”錢幣的發(fā)行人應(yīng)是早于丘就卻的某一位早期貴霜君主所發(fā)行,Soter Megas型錢幣應(yīng)是丘就卻與閻膏珍之間的一位掌握貴霜實權(quán)的大臣所發(fā)行。根據(jù)城址的面積和內(nèi)涵,蘇爾漢河流域早期貴霜時期城址可以分為地區(qū)一級的統(tǒng)治中心、普通群眾的聚居地、次一級的軍事統(tǒng)治中心以及拱衛(wèi)前三級城址的小型軍事堡壘四個等級。通過文化因素分析法可知,早期貴霜蘇爾漢河流域人群由本地人、波斯人、希臘人和少量塞人構(gòu)成。從這一時期宗教建筑內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)的壁畫、雕塑殘件等來看,早期貴霜時期蘇爾漢河流域人民的信仰是多元的,希臘宗教、瑣羅亞斯德教、佛教等各種宗教信仰并存,佛教開始傳入并且發(fā)展迅速。此外,結(jié)合漢文文獻(xiàn),可以得出月氏人從事游牧活動、生活在山前和山間地帶,而貴霜人時代經(jīng)營灌溉農(nóng)業(yè)、生活在蘇爾漢河流域的平原地帶。從早期貴霜遺址的分布和發(fā)展看,農(nóng)業(yè)人群在掌握了游牧人群生產(chǎn)生活規(guī)律之后,是有可能戰(zhàn)勝游牧人群的�？傊�,早期貴霜時期是蘇爾漢河流域陶器發(fā)展的一個過渡時期,其陶器特點既保留有少量的希臘風(fēng)格,又有突破創(chuàng)新,為貴霜帝國時期陶器自身特點的形成奠定了基礎(chǔ)。早期貴霜時期城址可分四個等級,該地區(qū)人口構(gòu)成多元化,宗教信仰亦較開放。早期貴霜人與月氏人的文化遺存區(qū)別比較明顯。
[Abstract]:The shellhan river is located in Uzbekistan in Central Asia and belongs to the first grade tributary of the Amu River, which mainly flows through the Uzbekistan river state. The early precious frost is different from the imperial palace. This article discusses the early precious cream that the time range of the Greek - bark - trian kingdom before the establishment of the Uzbekistan River Valley. 86 sites with early stage of the ancient precious frost were discovered in the shal Han River Basin, in which some of the sites were excavated and a large number of pottery and coins were unearthed. These data were published in Russian and based on this study. This article is divided into four parts to form the shape of typical pottery in the early period of the Han River Valley in Suhl. The characteristics of the evolution and staging are analyzed, and then the population composition and religious belief in this area are discussed. The first part, the introduction, outlines the natural geography, historical evolution, and the previous historical discovery in the area of the shalhan River, and explains the origin and research methods of this article. The two part, typology analysis. Combined with stratigraphy, a typological analysis of nine types of pottery, such as foot cup, circle foot bowl, single ear pot, double ear pot, ear pot, pot, pot, pot, urn, disc and other nine types of pottery, was analyzed with stratigraphy. The third part, staging and age. Based on the analysis of typology, the local pottery was divided into three stages four segments, respectively Greece. Period (first paragraph), early period (second) period (second section) and early stage (third section) of the imperial empires, and late (fourth) period of the Royal Jigu empire. The first stage is single, including round foot cup B I, circle foot bowl A I, Cb, urn A, disc, A I bowl with thick lip, straight abdominal wall, flat bottom, obvious Greek style. To phase second, organs appear. Aa I, Aa II, Ab, B II, B II, B III, B III, B II, B III, Ca I, Ca II, single ear A I, A II, double ear pots, A, etc. became the representative of this period, and the Greek style began to fade away, and the local characteristics gradually appeared. The third phase was more single and many organs disappeared. The local characteristics dominate. The main shape is the B IV of the cup and the single ear pot A III. The fourth part is the discussion of the related problems. The pattern and the distribution of the unearthed form on the coin can be pushed, and the issuer of the "" coins should be issued by a certain early monarch, but the Soter Megas type coins should be mound. It was issued with a chancellor between Yan Gaozhen and a chancellor who had a mastery of the real power. According to the area and connotation of the city site, the city site of the early Shinhan River Valley could be divided into a district level ruling center, a common populace, a secondary military rule center and a small military fortress at the three site of the front of the arch and guard. Through the analysis of cultural factors, the people of the early shihhhan River Basin were made up of locals, Persians, Greeks and a small number of people. From this period, the murals and sculptures found in the religious buildings of this period showed that the people of the Sirhan River Basin in the early period of the period of the first precious frost were pluralistic, Greek religion, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism and so on. With the coexistence of various religious beliefs, Buddhism began to be introduced and developed rapidly. In addition, in combination with the Chinese literature, it can be concluded that the lunar people are engaged in nomadic activities, living in the mountains and in the mountains, and in the times of the ancient times, the irrigated agriculture and living in the plain of the shighhan River Basin. After mastering the production and living rules of the nomadic people, it is possible to overcome the nomadic people. In a word, the early period is a transitional period for the development of pottery in the shellhan River Basin. Its pottery features not only retained a small amount of Greek style, but also had a breakthrough and innovation, which laid the foundation for the formation of the pottery's own characteristics during the period of the imperial palace. The city site of the period of the golden age can be divided into four grades. The population of the area is diversified and the religious belief is more open. The cultural remains of the early precious people and the moon people are distinctly different.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K883.62
本文編號：2172348
[Abstract]:The shellhan river is located in Uzbekistan in Central Asia and belongs to the first grade tributary of the Amu River, which mainly flows through the Uzbekistan river state. The early precious frost is different from the imperial palace. This article discusses the early precious cream that the time range of the Greek - bark - trian kingdom before the establishment of the Uzbekistan River Valley. 86 sites with early stage of the ancient precious frost were discovered in the shal Han River Basin, in which some of the sites were excavated and a large number of pottery and coins were unearthed. These data were published in Russian and based on this study. This article is divided into four parts to form the shape of typical pottery in the early period of the Han River Valley in Suhl. The characteristics of the evolution and staging are analyzed, and then the population composition and religious belief in this area are discussed. The first part, the introduction, outlines the natural geography, historical evolution, and the previous historical discovery in the area of the shalhan River, and explains the origin and research methods of this article. The two part, typology analysis. Combined with stratigraphy, a typological analysis of nine types of pottery, such as foot cup, circle foot bowl, single ear pot, double ear pot, ear pot, pot, pot, pot, urn, disc and other nine types of pottery, was analyzed with stratigraphy. The third part, staging and age. Based on the analysis of typology, the local pottery was divided into three stages four segments, respectively Greece. Period (first paragraph), early period (second) period (second section) and early stage (third section) of the imperial empires, and late (fourth) period of the Royal Jigu empire. The first stage is single, including round foot cup B I, circle foot bowl A I, Cb, urn A, disc, A I bowl with thick lip, straight abdominal wall, flat bottom, obvious Greek style. To phase second, organs appear. Aa I, Aa II, Ab, B II, B II, B III, B III, B II, B III, Ca I, Ca II, single ear A I, A II, double ear pots, A, etc. became the representative of this period, and the Greek style began to fade away, and the local characteristics gradually appeared. The third phase was more single and many organs disappeared. The local characteristics dominate. The main shape is the B IV of the cup and the single ear pot A III. The fourth part is the discussion of the related problems. The pattern and the distribution of the unearthed form on the coin can be pushed, and the issuer of the "" coins should be issued by a certain early monarch, but the Soter Megas type coins should be mound. It was issued with a chancellor between Yan Gaozhen and a chancellor who had a mastery of the real power. According to the area and connotation of the city site, the city site of the early Shinhan River Valley could be divided into a district level ruling center, a common populace, a secondary military rule center and a small military fortress at the three site of the front of the arch and guard. Through the analysis of cultural factors, the people of the early shihhhan River Basin were made up of locals, Persians, Greeks and a small number of people. From this period, the murals and sculptures found in the religious buildings of this period showed that the people of the Sirhan River Basin in the early period of the period of the first precious frost were pluralistic, Greek religion, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism and so on. With the coexistence of various religious beliefs, Buddhism began to be introduced and developed rapidly. In addition, in combination with the Chinese literature, it can be concluded that the lunar people are engaged in nomadic activities, living in the mountains and in the mountains, and in the times of the ancient times, the irrigated agriculture and living in the plain of the shighhan River Basin. After mastering the production and living rules of the nomadic people, it is possible to overcome the nomadic people. In a word, the early period is a transitional period for the development of pottery in the shellhan River Basin. Its pottery features not only retained a small amount of Greek style, but also had a breakthrough and innovation, which laid the foundation for the formation of the pottery's own characteristics during the period of the imperial palace. The city site of the period of the golden age can be divided into four grades. The population of the area is diversified and the religious belief is more open. The cultural remains of the early precious people and the moon people are distinctly different.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K883.62
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