中美西部開發(fā)中政府作用的比較研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-18 15:45
【摘要】：西部大開發(fā)是我國世紀(jì)之交的一項(xiàng)重大舉措,也是新世紀(jì)中國政府的一項(xiàng)長期的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,直接關(guān)系到我國社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的發(fā)展前景,具有重大的歷史與現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。美國曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展很不平衡的國家,從19世紀(jì)初開始西進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng),走上了拓荒西部、開發(fā)西部、發(fā)展西部的道路,通過成功的西部開發(fā),為美國經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ),從某種意義上說,沒有西部開發(fā)的成功,就不可能有現(xiàn)在全面繁榮的美國。在這個(gè)開發(fā)西部的過程中,美國政府在其中扮演了舉足輕重的作用。 理論是指導(dǎo)實(shí)踐的工具,就西部開發(fā)而言,可供指導(dǎo)的理論包括可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論、梯度理論和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展理論,尤其是后者區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展理論又包括增長極理論、點(diǎn)軸開發(fā)理論、網(wǎng)絡(luò)開發(fā)理論等,這些理論為我們分析中美兩國的西部開發(fā)提供了有益的指導(dǎo)。 中國歷代統(tǒng)治者,在國力許可的情況下,都會(huì)致力于西部地區(qū)的建設(shè)與鞏固。但是受到生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展水平等因素的制約,始終未能達(dá)成美國那樣的成就。尤其是到了近代以來,中國西部地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)大大落后于東部地區(qū)。在我國近代與現(xiàn)代史上,曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過若干次政府主導(dǎo)下的西部開發(fā)的熱潮,但都未能促成西部經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)發(fā)展,更未解決我國區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不平衡的問題。在區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)史上,中、美兩國的西部開發(fā)得到了全世界的廣泛注意。本文就中、美兩國的西部開發(fā)進(jìn)行橫向比較,從政府這個(gè)層面作為切入點(diǎn),抽絲剝繭分析兩國政府的異同點(diǎn),對(duì)于厘清我國西部開發(fā)中存在的問題,全面提高理性認(rèn)識(shí),開闊視野,從而走出一條既借鑒西部開發(fā)的國際經(jīng)驗(yàn)又具有中國特色的西部大開發(fā)之路,具有重要的意義。 中美兩國國情不同,但是政府在各自西部開發(fā)過程中都起到了至關(guān)重要的作用,在對(duì)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和移民的重視程度上,存在著許多共同點(diǎn)。但是兩國政府更多的是不同點(diǎn),這些差異性因素包括政府開發(fā)自然資源的不同方式、政府對(duì)外政策的差異、開發(fā)主體的差異、體制上的區(qū)別以及對(duì)文化影響的不同。由于兩國國情不同,存在的這些差異對(duì)于兩國西部開發(fā)的路徑選擇產(chǎn)生了直接影響。 從美國西部開發(fā)史來看,政府在推動(dòng)西部開發(fā)過程中有寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn),重視市場機(jī)制配置資源,政府推出優(yōu)惠政策,重視基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)等等,取得了顯著的效果。但是不容忽視的是,在其開發(fā)過程中也付出了一定的代價(jià),諸如環(huán)境問題、基建中的浪費(fèi)、城鎮(zhèn)的盲目建設(shè)等,這值得我們參考并引以為鑒。在中國現(xiàn)階段的西部開發(fā)過程中,這些經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)的總結(jié)有助于我們避免重走彎路,對(duì)于我國走出一條建設(shè)有中國特色社會(huì)主義的西部開發(fā)之路將起到促進(jìn)作用。
[Abstract]:The development of the western region is an important measure at the turn of the century and a long-term development strategy of the Chinese government in the new century. It is directly related to the development prospects of China's socialist modernization and has great historical and practical significance. The United States was once a country with unbalanced regional economic development. From the beginning of the 19th century, the United States began its westward movement and embarked on the road of pioneering the west, developing the west, and successfully developing the western region. It lays the foundation for the prosperity and development of American economy. In a sense, without the success of western development, there can be no comprehensive prosperity of the United States now. In this process of developing the west, the US government played a pivotal role in it. Theory is a tool to guide practice. As far as western development is concerned, the theory of sustainable development, gradient theory and regional economic development theory, especially the latter theory of regional economic development, including the theory of growth pole, can be used to guide the development of the western region. Point-axis development theory, network development theory and so on, these theories provide beneficial guidance for us to analyze the western development of China and the United States. China's successive rulers, under the circumstances of national strength, will devote themselves to the construction and consolidation of the western region. However, restricted by factors such as productivity development, the United States has never achieved the same achievement. Especially in modern times, the economy of western China has lagged far behind the eastern region. In the modern and modern history of our country, there have been several upsurge of the western development under the guidance of the government, but none of them has promoted the sustained development of the western economy, let alone solved the problem of the imbalance of the regional economic development in our country. In the history of regional economic development, the western development of China and the United States has received extensive attention all over the world. This paper makes a horizontal comparison between the western development of China and the United States. From the government level as a starting point, the paper analyzes the similarities and differences between the two governments in order to clarify the problems existing in the development of the western region of China, and to comprehensively raise the rational understanding. Therefore, it is of great significance to broaden the vision of western development, which not only draws lessons from the international experience of western development, but also has Chinese characteristics. China and the United States have different national conditions, but the government has played a vital role in the development of their western regions, and there are many common points in the importance of infrastructure construction and immigration. But the differences between the two governments include the different ways of developing natural resources, the differences of government's foreign policy, the differences of the main bodies of development, the differences of system and the differences on culture. Because of the difference between the two countries, these differences have a direct impact on the path choice of the western development between the two countries. From the history of western development in the United States, the government has valuable experience in promoting the development of the western region, attaches importance to the allocation of resources by market mechanism, puts forward preferential policies and attaches importance to the construction of infrastructure, and so on, and has achieved remarkable results. However, it can not be ignored that in the process of its development, it has also paid a certain price, such as environmental problems, waste in infrastructure, blind construction of towns and so on, which is worthy of our reference and lessons learned. In the course of China's western development at the present stage, the summary of these experiences and lessons will help us to avoid the detours, and will promote the development of China's western region by building socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D771.2;D630
本文編號(hào)：2340453
[Abstract]:The development of the western region is an important measure at the turn of the century and a long-term development strategy of the Chinese government in the new century. It is directly related to the development prospects of China's socialist modernization and has great historical and practical significance. The United States was once a country with unbalanced regional economic development. From the beginning of the 19th century, the United States began its westward movement and embarked on the road of pioneering the west, developing the west, and successfully developing the western region. It lays the foundation for the prosperity and development of American economy. In a sense, without the success of western development, there can be no comprehensive prosperity of the United States now. In this process of developing the west, the US government played a pivotal role in it. Theory is a tool to guide practice. As far as western development is concerned, the theory of sustainable development, gradient theory and regional economic development theory, especially the latter theory of regional economic development, including the theory of growth pole, can be used to guide the development of the western region. Point-axis development theory, network development theory and so on, these theories provide beneficial guidance for us to analyze the western development of China and the United States. China's successive rulers, under the circumstances of national strength, will devote themselves to the construction and consolidation of the western region. However, restricted by factors such as productivity development, the United States has never achieved the same achievement. Especially in modern times, the economy of western China has lagged far behind the eastern region. In the modern and modern history of our country, there have been several upsurge of the western development under the guidance of the government, but none of them has promoted the sustained development of the western economy, let alone solved the problem of the imbalance of the regional economic development in our country. In the history of regional economic development, the western development of China and the United States has received extensive attention all over the world. This paper makes a horizontal comparison between the western development of China and the United States. From the government level as a starting point, the paper analyzes the similarities and differences between the two governments in order to clarify the problems existing in the development of the western region of China, and to comprehensively raise the rational understanding. Therefore, it is of great significance to broaden the vision of western development, which not only draws lessons from the international experience of western development, but also has Chinese characteristics. China and the United States have different national conditions, but the government has played a vital role in the development of their western regions, and there are many common points in the importance of infrastructure construction and immigration. But the differences between the two governments include the different ways of developing natural resources, the differences of government's foreign policy, the differences of the main bodies of development, the differences of system and the differences on culture. Because of the difference between the two countries, these differences have a direct impact on the path choice of the western development between the two countries. From the history of western development in the United States, the government has valuable experience in promoting the development of the western region, attaches importance to the allocation of resources by market mechanism, puts forward preferential policies and attaches importance to the construction of infrastructure, and so on, and has achieved remarkable results. However, it can not be ignored that in the process of its development, it has also paid a certain price, such as environmental problems, waste in infrastructure, blind construction of towns and so on, which is worthy of our reference and lessons learned. In the course of China's western development at the present stage, the summary of these experiences and lessons will help us to avoid the detours, and will promote the development of China's western region by building socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D771.2;D630
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