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新加坡人民行動(dòng)黨執(zhí)政形態(tài)研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-08-04 12:42
【摘要】:新加坡經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)超乎尋常的發(fā)展被稱為“新加坡之謎”。在試圖揭示“謎底”的過程中,人們往往未能選擇人民行動(dòng)黨執(zhí)政形態(tài)這個(gè)獨(dú)特而關(guān)鍵的視角。正如李光耀所說,“沒有行動(dòng)黨就沒有現(xiàn)代的新加坡”。人民行動(dòng)黨在新加坡現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程中起了決定性作用,研究人民行動(dòng)黨的執(zhí)政形態(tài)無疑有助于我們解讀新加坡的成功之道,人民行動(dòng)黨的執(zhí)政經(jīng)驗(yàn)是世界政黨政治經(jīng)驗(yàn)寶庫中的重要成果。 研究一個(gè)政黨的執(zhí)政形態(tài),是一個(gè)相當(dāng)復(fù)雜的課題,涉及的內(nèi)容十分廣泛,要窮盡其全部內(nèi)容是一項(xiàng)很浩大的工程。政黨執(zhí)政形態(tài)研究的要素很多,如執(zhí)政地位的確立與鞏固,執(zhí)政歷史,執(zhí)政環(huán)境,意識(shí)形態(tài)和執(zhí)政理念,執(zhí)政目標(biāo),執(zhí)政特點(diǎn),執(zhí)政本質(zhì),執(zhí)政機(jī)制,執(zhí)政合法性,執(zhí)政規(guī)律,執(zhí)政能力,執(zhí)政經(jīng)驗(yàn),執(zhí)政前景,等等。由于這些要素的內(nèi)容有些是相互交錯(cuò)重疊的,逐一研究難免會(huì)有某些重復(fù),所以,我們對(duì)人民行動(dòng)黨執(zhí)政形態(tài)的研究選取了以下要素:執(zhí)政地位的確立與鞏固,執(zhí)政環(huán)境,意識(shí)形態(tài)和執(zhí)政理念,執(zhí)政機(jī)制,執(zhí)政合法性,執(zhí)政經(jīng)驗(yàn),執(zhí)政前景。這些要素涵蓋了政黨執(zhí)政形態(tài)研究的基本內(nèi)容。在研究中,我們力求抓住要點(diǎn),使整個(gè)工作顯得系統(tǒng)而不零碎。 第一章回顧了人民行動(dòng)黨獲取和鞏固執(zhí)政地位的過程。 第二章運(yùn)用社會(huì)生態(tài)分析方法探討人民行動(dòng)黨在新加坡特定的社會(huì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中如何產(chǎn)生、成長、壯大,進(jìn)而上臺(tái)長期執(zhí)政,并使新加坡經(jīng)濟(jì)保持長期高速發(fā)展,政治穩(wěn)定,成為世界上政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的國家之一。研究人民行動(dòng)黨獨(dú)特的執(zhí)政環(huán)境,不僅可以加深我們對(duì)人民行動(dòng)黨獨(dú)特而有效的執(zhí)政形態(tài)產(chǎn)生的歷史條件和社會(huì)條件的認(rèn)識(shí),而且也為中國共產(chǎn)黨借鑒新加坡人民行動(dòng)黨的執(zhí)政經(jīng)驗(yàn)提供背景資料。需要指出的是,人民行動(dòng)黨的執(zhí)政形態(tài)是新加坡特定環(huán)境的產(chǎn)物,不可照抄照搬。 第三章,我們把研究的目光投向人民行動(dòng)黨的意識(shí)形態(tài)和執(zhí)政理念。意識(shí)形態(tài)和執(zhí)政理念是一個(gè)政黨的內(nèi)在靈魂。在執(zhí)政之前,意識(shí)形態(tài)“是一面旗幟”,是贏得民眾支持,凝聚人心的有效工具。人民行動(dòng)黨在執(zhí)政之前,針對(duì)新加坡面臨的具體國情和國際環(huán)境,把民主社會(huì)主義作為自己的意識(shí)形態(tài),以贏得下層民眾的支持,躲避殖民者的打壓,利用和平奪取政權(quán)這一民主社會(huì)主義的經(jīng)典教義贏得執(zhí)政地位。在執(zhí)政之后,人民行動(dòng)黨并沒有抱著民主社會(huì)主義的理論教條不放,而是依據(jù)新加坡的國情制定了獨(dú)特的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,修正了某些意識(shí)形態(tài)內(nèi)涵,,并以“共同價(jià)值觀”來代行傳統(tǒng)意識(shí)形態(tài)的凝聚人心功能。在執(zhí)政過程中,逐漸形成了成熟的執(zhí)政理念,人民行動(dòng)黨獨(dú)特、實(shí)用而有效 的執(zhí)政理念的主要內(nèi)涵有:政黨政治理念—國家利益至上與民族團(tuán)結(jié)和睦;政府管理 理念—“好政府”與“強(qiáng)政府”;社會(huì)發(fā)展理念—經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展先于民主政治。 第四章主要研究人民行動(dòng)黨的執(zhí)政機(jī)制。執(zhí)政機(jī)制是一個(gè)執(zhí)政黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)國家建設(shè)的內(nèi) 在邏輯,是處理執(zhí)政黨與國家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)、行政機(jī)關(guān)、司法機(jī)關(guān)、各黨派以及社會(huì)團(tuán)體等 公共政治主體的關(guān)系而采取的方式方法和規(guī)則規(guī)范的總稱。在新加坡,人民行動(dòng)黨與國 會(huì)、政府和司法機(jī)關(guān)高度一體化。20世紀(jì)80年代以來,這些關(guān)系民主化的趨勢表象難 掩一體化的傳統(tǒng)的實(shí)質(zhì)。隨著世界民主化浪潮的興起和國內(nèi)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)隊(duì)伍的壯大,反對(duì) 黨作為新加坡民眾要求民主與自由的符號(hào)在新加坡政壇上處于兩難的境地:對(duì)于人民行 動(dòng)黨來說,反對(duì)黨的存在及活動(dòng)是人民行動(dòng)黨宣揚(yáng)的民主的遮羞布,不能容忍其坐大, 否則就需打壓;對(duì)于反對(duì)黨而言,與其說他們是為自己而存在,勿寧說是為人民行動(dòng)黨 而存在,他們的存在對(duì)于人民行動(dòng)黨執(zhí)政的影響很小,但他們又不得不為生存而苦心經(jīng) 營自己。在人民行動(dòng)黨與社會(huì)團(tuán)體的關(guān)系上,我們主要關(guān)注人民行動(dòng)黨政府與工會(huì)的關(guān) 系,因?yàn)樵谛录悠,雖然有數(shù)千個(gè)社會(huì)團(tuán)體,但政治色彩大多不鮮明,“全國職工總會(huì)” 作為新加坡工會(huì)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,其地位相對(duì)突出,在人民行動(dòng)黨執(zhí)政以后一直與人民行動(dòng)黨 配合默契。 第五章,我們?cè)噲D運(yùn)用合法性理論對(duì)人民行動(dòng)黨的執(zhí)政形態(tài)進(jìn)行分析。把縱向考察 人民行動(dòng)黨執(zhí)政合法性建立的歷史過程和橫向考察人民行動(dòng)黨利用掌握的資源來維持 這種合法性的現(xiàn)狀結(jié)合起來。同時(shí),研究人民行動(dòng)黨社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)的鞏固與擴(kuò)大對(duì)人民行動(dòng) 黨維持其執(zhí)政合法性的意義。 第六章在宏觀考察人民行動(dòng)黨執(zhí)政形態(tài)的基本問題后,試圖剝離出人民行動(dòng)黨所探 索到的普遍執(zhí)政規(guī)律和特殊執(zhí)政經(jīng)驗(yàn),進(jìn)而為豐富政黨政治理論寶庫提供支持,也為其 他國家的政黨借鑒人民行動(dòng)黨的執(zhí)政經(jīng)驗(yàn)提供前期幫助。 第七章,我們對(duì)人民行動(dòng)黨的執(zhí)政前景進(jìn)行前瞻。在新世紀(jì),人民行動(dòng)黨面臨著政 治與經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的諸多挑戰(zhàn),這也是世界上許多執(zhí)政黨面臨的共同問題。新加坡面臨著獨(dú) 立以來最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退,面對(duì)世界性民主浪潮的沖擊,人民行動(dòng)黨也不得不改變一些統(tǒng) 治策略,但如何在保持威權(quán)體制的框架內(nèi)適度增加個(gè)人自由民主權(quán)利,成為考量人民行 動(dòng)黨執(zhí)政能力和執(zhí)政策略的一個(gè)重要指標(biāo)。21世紀(jì)的第一個(gè)十年,是人民行動(dòng)黨從第 二代政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)向第三代政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)過渡的時(shí)期,雖然現(xiàn)在看來平穩(wěn)過渡該不會(huì)有太多懸 念,但
[Abstract]:The extraordinary development of Singapore's economy and society is called the "mystery of Singapore". In the process of trying to reveal the "riddle", people often fail to choose the unique and critical perspective of the ruling form of the people's action party. As Li Guangyao said, "no action party has no present Singapore." the people's Action Party is in Singapore. It has played a decisive role in the process of generation, and the study of the ruling form of the people's Action Party undoubtedly helps us to interpret the way of success in Singapore. The ruling experience of the people's Action Party is an important achievement in the treasure house of the political party's political experience in the world.
It is a very complex subject to study the ruling form of a political party. It involves a wide range of contents. It is a great project to exhaustion all its contents. There are many factors in the study of the ruling form of the party, such as the establishment and consolidation of the ruling status, the ruling history, the ruling environment, the ideology and the ruling idea, the ruling goal, and the ruling characteristics. The essence of the ruling, the ruling mechanism, the ruling legitimacy, the ruling law, the ruling ability, the ruling experience, the ruling prospect, and so on. Because some of these elements are interlaced and overlapped each other, it is unavoidable that there will be some repetition. Therefore, we have selected the following elements for the study of the ruling form of the people's Action Party: the establishment of the ruling position and the sera. Solid, ruling environment, ideology and ruling idea, ruling mechanism, ruling legitimacy, ruling experience, and ruling prospect. These elements cover the basic content of the study of political party's ruling form. In the study, we strive to seize the main points to make the whole work appear systematic and not fragmentary.
The first chapter reviews the process of the people's Action Party's acquisition and consolidation of its ruling position.
In the second chapter, the social ecological analysis method is used to explore how the people's Action Party is born in Singapore's specific social ecosystem, grow and grow, and then go to power for a long time, and keep the economy of Singapore for a long time and high political stability, and become one of the countries in the world with political, economic and social coordinated development. The unique ruling environment can not only deepen our understanding of the historical and social conditions of the unique and effective ruling form of the people's Action Party, but also provide the background information for the Communist Party of China to learn from the ruling experience of the Singaporean People's action party. It is necessary to point out that the ruling form of the people's Action Party is a particular Singapore. The product of the environment can not be copied and copied.
In the third chapter, we focus our attention on the ideology of the people's Action Party and the concept of governance. Ideology and the concept of governance are the inner soul of a party. Before the administration, the ideology "is a banner", an effective tool to win the support of the people and to condense the people. Before the people's Action Party is in power, it is facing Singapore. The specific national conditions and the international environment, the democratic socialism as its own ideology, to win the support of the lower people, to avoid the pressure of the colonists, to win the ruling position of the classical doctrines of democratic socialism by peaceful capture of power. After being in power, the people's Action Party did not hold the doctrinal doctrine of democratic socialism. On the basis of the national conditions of Singapore, we have formulated a unique development strategy, amended some ideological connotations, and used the "common values" to condense the popular function of the traditional ideology. In the process of being in power, it has gradually formed a mature ruling idea, and the people's Action Party is unique, practical and effective.
The main ideas of the ruling idea are: party politics, national interests and national unity; government management.
The concept of "good government" and "strong government"; the concept of social development - economic development precedes democratic politics.
The fourth chapter mainly studies the ruling mechanism of the people's action party.
In logic, it deals with the ruling party and state power organs, administrative organs, judicial organs, parties and social organizations.
In Singapore, the people's Action Party (DAP) and the state are adopted in Singapore.
The government and the judiciary are highly integrated. The trend of democratization of these relations has been difficult since the 80s.20.
The traditional essence of mask integration is opposed to the rise of democratization in the world and the growth of the middle class team in China.
As a symbol of democracy and freedom in Singapore, the party is in a dilemma in Singapore's political arena: for the people's conduct.
The opposition party's existence and activities are the fig leaf of democracy advocated by the people's action party.
Otherwise, it is necessary to suppress; for the opposition parties, they are not for themselves, but rather for the people's action party.
But their existence has little influence on the ruling People's Action Party, but they have to work hard to survive.
In the relationship between the PAP and the social organizations, we are mainly concerned about the people's Action Party government and the trade union.
Because in Singapore, although there are thousands of social organizations, the political color is not clear.
As a leader of the trade union in Singapore, it has a relatively prominent position and has been in action with the people's Action Party since the ruling of the people's action party.
Cooperate with the tacit agreement.
In the fifth chapter, we try to use the legitimacy theory to analyze the ruling form of the PAP.
The historical process of the establishment of the people's Action Party's legitimacy and the horizontal inspection of the resources that the PAP has used to maintain it.
At the same time, we should study the consolidation and expansion of the people's Action Party's social foundation to the people's action.
The party maintains the significance of its ruling legitimacy.
The sixth chapter attempts to divest the people's Action Party after probing into the basic problems of the people's Action Party's ruling form.
The rule of universal rule and special experience of governance have provided support for enriching the theoretical repository of party politics.
The political parties in his country use the experience of the ruling People's Action Party to provide early help.
In the seventh chapter, we look forward to the prospect of the ruling party of the people's action party. In the new century, the people's Action Party is faced with politics.
Governance and economic challenges are also common problems faced by many ruling parties in the world. Singapore is facing independence.
In the face of the global wave of democracy, the people's Action Party has to change some of its biggest economic slump.
But how to appropriately increase personal freedom and democratic rights in the framework of authoritarian system has become a consideration for the people's business.
The first ten years of the.21 century were an important indicator of the ruling party's ability to govern and govern.
The transition period of the two generation of political leadership to the third generation of political leadership is not too much.
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【學(xué)位授予單位】:華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2004
【分類號(hào)】:D733.9

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