本文關(guān)鍵詞： 中美 代議 機(jī)關(guān) 政權(quán) 比較 研究　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2011年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：代議制民主是現(xiàn)代民主政治的主要特征之一。代議機(jī)關(guān)有一項(xiàng)最古老而又傳統(tǒng)的權(quán)力——財(cái)政權(quán)。這項(xiàng)權(quán)力的運(yùn)用也被認(rèn)為是代議制民主政治的主要內(nèi)容與動(dòng)力之一。當(dāng)今世界,各國(guó)政治體制、意識(shí)形態(tài)因?yàn)閲?guó)情的不同而有著深刻差異,但只要是民主政治的國(guó)家,有一點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是相同的,這就是財(cái)政收入和支出必須得到民選機(jī)關(guān)的審查和批準(zhǔn),無(wú)論它被稱為議會(huì)還是國(guó)會(huì),或是如我國(guó)稱之為人民代表大會(huì)。代議機(jī)關(guān)財(cái)政權(quán)的合理分配以及掌控,既是法律層面上一個(gè)非常重要的憲法相關(guān)問(wèn)題,也是政治層面上非常重要的憲政相關(guān)問(wèn)題。本文以中美代議機(jī)關(guān)財(cái)政權(quán)作為研究對(duì)象,在界定基本概念的前提下,探討各自財(cái)政權(quán)產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展的歷史路徑和合理性,深入探討兩國(guó)代議機(jī)關(guān)財(cái)政權(quán)的建構(gòu)邏輯,分析兩國(guó)代議機(jī)關(guān)財(cái)政權(quán)的運(yùn)作機(jī)制,比較其在不同的權(quán)力模式下所體現(xiàn)的不同特點(diǎn),并探討各自面臨的問(wèn)題及相應(yīng)的改革機(jī)制。研究重點(diǎn)圍繞在中美兩國(guó)代議機(jī)關(guān)對(duì)于財(cái)政權(quán)的掌控和監(jiān)督過(guò)程,將美國(guó)議會(huì)財(cái)政權(quán)的行使機(jī)制與我國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)財(cái)政監(jiān)控制度之間做全方位的對(duì)比,即對(duì)二者運(yùn)行模式、產(chǎn)生原因、理論邏輯、歷史變遷與完善路徑進(jìn)行梳理和總結(jié),在驗(yàn)證代議制民主與財(cái)政之間的理論與歷史邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)的同時(shí),客觀評(píng)價(jià)中美代議機(jī)關(guān)財(cái)政權(quán)行使機(jī)制在實(shí)際運(yùn)行中的表現(xiàn),最終目的是為完善我國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)制度做出理論貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Representative democracy is one of the main features of modern democratic politics. Representative organs have one of the oldest and traditional powers-fiscal power. The use of this power is also considered to be one of the main contents and driving forces of representative democracy. The political systems and ideologies of each country vary profoundly according to their national conditions, but as long as they are democratic, one thing should be the same: fiscal revenues and expenditures must be reviewed and approved by elected organs. Whether it is called Parliament or Congress, or the rational distribution and control of the fiscal power of representative organs, as our country calls it, is a very important constitution-related issue at the legal level. It is also a very important issue related to constitutionalism on the political level. This paper takes the financial power of representative institutions in China and the United States as the research object, and discusses the historical path and rationality of the emergence and development of their respective fiscal rights under the premise of defining the basic concepts. This paper probes into the constructive logic of the financial power of the representative organs of the two countries, analyzes the operating mechanism of the fiscal power of the representative organs of the two countries, and compares the different characteristics of the financial rights of the representative organs in different power models. And discuss the problems they face and the corresponding reform mechanisms. The research focuses on the process of controlling and supervising the fiscal power of the representative institutions of China and the United States. This paper compares the exercise mechanism of the fiscal power of the United States Congress with the financial supervision system of the people's Congress of our country in all directions, that is, combing and summing up the operation mode, the causes, the theoretical logic, the historical changes and the path of perfection of the two systems. While verifying the relationship between the theory and historical logic between representative democracy and finance, the paper objectively evaluates the performance of the financial power exercise mechanism of representative institutions in China and the United States in practice. The ultimate aim is to make a theoretical contribution to the perfection of the system of the people's Congress of our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D622;D771.2

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 張清;陳夏夢(mèng);;論潛規(guī)則的法律治理[J];東方法學(xué);2012年05期

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本文編號(hào)：1536576