【摘要】：新的時(shí)代背景下,生態(tài)問(wèn)題已經(jīng)對(duì)人類的生產(chǎn)生活帶來(lái)巨大的影響,政府要進(jìn)行生態(tài)治理,改善人類的生存環(huán)境。而生態(tài)治理是一個(gè)復(fù)雜而系統(tǒng)的過(guò)程,需要建設(shè)生態(tài)協(xié)商民主來(lái)擴(kuò)大公眾參與,提高治理效率。本文即是對(duì)生態(tài)協(xié)商民主的內(nèi)涵及實(shí)踐的研究。文章首先對(duì)生態(tài)協(xié)商民主進(jìn)行概念界定,提出生態(tài)協(xié)商民主是生態(tài)民主和協(xié)商民主的有機(jī)結(jié)合,以協(xié)商民主作為生態(tài)民主的實(shí)現(xiàn)途徑而形成的一種新的決策方式、生態(tài)治理模式和政治表現(xiàn)形式。兩者能有機(jī)結(jié)合的根源在于生態(tài)民主與協(xié)商民主的契合,兩者的融合能夠?yàn)榉侨酥黧w和未來(lái)人提供參與資格、能夠提供不受限制的對(duì)話、能夠促進(jìn)社會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)以及有助于促進(jìn)決策的合法性。但是生態(tài)協(xié)商民主建設(shè)中也面臨“受影響的他者”的代表權(quán)不易實(shí)現(xiàn)、協(xié)商主體的權(quán)利容易被侵犯、協(xié)商過(guò)程與協(xié)商結(jié)果存在張力的困境。面對(duì)困境,文章提出要加強(qiáng)生態(tài)協(xié)商民主制度設(shè)計(jì),首先要?jiǎng)?chuàng)制實(shí)現(xiàn)“受影響的他者”的代表權(quán),一是要完善環(huán)境報(bào)告制和環(huán)境影響評(píng)估制度,二是要擴(kuò)大專業(yè)化的環(huán)境倡導(dǎo)者的影響力,三是要建立保護(hù)弱者的特殊程序和決策規(guī)則;其次要擴(kuò)大和規(guī)范協(xié)商民主的程序化要求,一是要提高環(huán)境決策協(xié)商參與者的知識(shí)基礎(chǔ),二是要探索和構(gòu)建完整的對(duì)話機(jī)制和規(guī)則,三是要減少權(quán)力和金錢等外在力量對(duì)協(xié)商進(jìn)程的干預(yù),四是強(qiáng)化協(xié)商民主的生態(tài)責(zé)任;最后要擴(kuò)大和保障公民的環(huán)境權(quán)利,包括環(huán)境知情權(quán)和環(huán)境參與權(quán)。有了制度設(shè)計(jì),還要論證生態(tài)協(xié)商民主能否在中國(guó)建立。本文認(rèn)為在我國(guó)有著豐富的、形式多樣的協(xié)商實(shí)踐,包括政治協(xié)商制度、基層協(xié)商民主、社會(huì)協(xié)商對(duì)話等,為生態(tài)協(xié)商民主的實(shí)現(xiàn)提供了深厚的現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。此外,我們還要加強(qiáng)與西方協(xié)商民主的互動(dòng)、要厘清協(xié)商民主與票選民主的關(guān)系、要拓展和創(chuàng)造新的實(shí)現(xiàn)形式。
[Abstract]:Under the background of the new era, ecological problems have brought a great impact on human production and life. The government should carry out ecological governance and improve the living environment of human beings. Ecological governance is a complex and systematic process. It is necessary to build ecological consultation democracy to expand public participation and improve governance efficiency. This paper is to study the connotation and practice of eco-negotiation democracy. Firstly, the paper defines the concept of ecological consultation democracy, puts forward that ecological consultation democracy is an organic combination of ecological democracy and consultation democracy, and takes consultation democracy as a way to realize ecological democracy, which forms a new way of decision-making. Ecological governance model and political expression. The source of the organic combination of the two lies in the convergence of ecological democracy and consultative democracy, the integration of which can provide participation qualifications for non-human subjects and futurists, and provide unrestricted dialogue, Can promote social learning and help promote legitimacy in decision-making. However, in the construction of eco-negotiation democracy, the representation of the "affected other" is not easy to be realized, the rights of the main body of consultation are easily infringed, and there is a tension dilemma between the negotiation process and the result of consultation. In the face of the dilemma, the article proposes to strengthen the design of the democratic system of ecological consultation, first of all, to create and realize the representation of the "affected other", and first, to improve the environmental reporting system and the environmental impact assessment system. Second, it is necessary to expand the influence of professional environmental advocates; third, to establish special procedures and decision-making rules to protect the weak; Secondly, it is necessary to expand and standardize the procedural requirements of consultation democracy, first, to improve the knowledge base of participants in environmental decision-making consultation, and second, to explore and build a complete dialogue mechanism and rules. Third, it is necessary to reduce the interference of external forces such as power and money on the consultation process, and fourth, to strengthen the ecological responsibility of consultative democracy; Finally, we should expand and protect citizens' environmental rights, including the right to know about the environment and the right to participate in the environment. With the institutional design, it is necessary to demonstrate whether ecological consultative democracy can be established in China. This paper holds that there are rich and various forms of consultation practice in China, including political consultation system, grass-roots consultation democracy, social consultation dialogue and so on, which provide a profound realistic basis for the realization of ecological consultation democracy. In addition, we should strengthen the interaction with Western consultative democracy, clarify the relationship between consultative democracy and voting democracy, and expand and create new forms of realization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D621

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