發(fā)布時間：2018-12-16 09:20

【摘要】：質(zhì)詢是我國國家權(quán)力機關(guān)對行政機關(guān)、審判機關(guān)和檢察機關(guān)進行監(jiān)督的一種法定形式。人大代表按照法定程序享有對“一府兩院”提出質(zhì)詢案的權(quán)利。然而,自1954年將“人大質(zhì)詢”納入憲法后,質(zhì)詢制度的相關(guān)立法和實踐在很大程度上一直處于停滯狀態(tài),人大質(zhì)詢權(quán)基本出于虛置狀態(tài)。人大質(zhì)詢制度在實踐中長期面臨諸多問題和阻礙,主要表現(xiàn)為質(zhì)詢案數(shù)量少,全國范圍內(nèi)的案例屈指可數(shù);少量的已成案的質(zhì)詢內(nèi)容平淡,監(jiān)督效果疲軟;質(zhì)詢活動多流于形式,絕大多數(shù)被“內(nèi)部處理”或“冷處理”。這些現(xiàn)象阻礙了人大質(zhì)詢制度的不斷完善,損害了人大監(jiān)督者、為民請命的形象,其危害是隱形的,但對人大功能的正常發(fā)揮的影響是嚴重的。長期以來,學界不斷對改進人大質(zhì)詢工作提出各種對策。但不爭的事實是,人大質(zhì)詢制度雖反復被強調(diào),卻依然閑置如故。本文認為,這其中的一個重要原因就在于我們沒有理清阻礙質(zhì)詢制度發(fā)揮作用真正緣由。這些緣由包括:微觀層面上,制度設(shè)計本身有疏漏,制度的周延續(xù)和適應(yīng)性方面不足,難以支撐人大質(zhì)詢權(quán)的運作;中觀層面上,人大機關(guān)工作氛圍不利于開展質(zhì)詢工作,質(zhì)詢主體也缺乏主動行使權(quán)利的意愿,質(zhì)詢積極性不高;宏觀層面上,黨和人大的關(guān)系規(guī)范性不足,質(zhì)詢案常常陷入尷尬境地而夭折。人大代表的選舉制度在深層次上阻礙質(zhì)詢監(jiān)督的實現(xiàn),同時,整個社會發(fā)展階段的限制也影響了質(zhì)詢權(quán)的開展。本文的研究目的不在于強調(diào)人大質(zhì)詢權(quán)的重要意義,也不在于針對質(zhì)詢權(quán)當前問題提出真知灼見的對策,而是在于通過對人大質(zhì)詢制度和代表權(quán)利的理論和實踐的系統(tǒng)梳理,明晰人大質(zhì)詢權(quán)在人大監(jiān)督體系中的地位和作用,深入分析人大質(zhì)詢權(quán)虛置、人大質(zhì)詢制度閑置的復合原因。只有在理論上充分厘清人大質(zhì)詢權(quán)長期虛置的真正緣由,我們對人大質(zhì)詢權(quán)的未來才有可能形成清晰的認識。
[Abstract]:Inquiry is a statutory form of supervision of administrative organs, judicial organs and procuratorial organs. Deputies to the National people's Congress enjoy the right to question the "one House, two Houses" in accordance with legal procedures. However, since the "people's Congress inquiry" was incorporated into the Constitution in 1954, the relevant legislation and practice of the inquiry system have been at a standstill to a large extent, and the power of the people's Congress inquiry has been basically out of the virtual state. In practice, the NPC inquiry system has been faced with many problems and obstacles for a long time, mainly manifested in the small number of inquiry cases and the limited number of cases in the whole country. Most of the inquiry activities are formalized, and most of them are treated internally or "cold." These phenomena hinder the continuous improvement of the people's Congress inquiry system, damage the image of the people's Congress supervisor and ask for the people's life, its harm is invisible, but the influence on the normal function of the people's Congress is serious. For a long time, the academic circles unceasingly to improve the people's Congress inquiry work proposed each kind of countermeasure. But the indisputable fact is that although the NPC inquiry system has been stressed repeatedly, it is still idle. This paper believes that one of the important reasons is that we do not clear the real reason for hindering the question system. These reasons include: at the micro level, there are omissions in the system design itself, lack of continuity and adaptability of the system, it is difficult to support the operation of the people's Congress inquiry right; At the middle level, the working atmosphere of the people's Congress is not conducive to carrying out the inquiry work, the interrogators also lack the will to exercise their rights actively, and the enthusiasm of the inquiry is not high; Macro-level, the relationship between the Party and the National people's Congress is not standardized enough, interrogations often fall into an awkward situation and abort. The election system of the deputies to the National people's Congress (NPC) hinders the realization of the supervision of the inquiry at a deep level. At the same time, the restriction of the whole stage of social development also affects the development of the right to question. The purpose of this paper is not to emphasize the significance of the people's Congress's right to question, nor to put forward the correct countermeasures to the current problem of the right of inquiry, but to systematically sort out the theory and practice of the system of inquiry and representative rights of the people's Congress. This paper clarifies the position and function of the people's Congress inquiry right in the supervision system of the people's Congress, deeply analyzes the compound reason why the people's Congress inquiry right is empty and the people's Congress inquiry system is idle. Only by fully clarifying theoretically the real cause of the long-term void of the people's Congress inquiry power can we have a clear understanding of the future of the people's Congress inquiry right.
【學位授予單位】：中共上海市委黨校
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D622

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本文編號：2382125