【摘要】：社區(qū)作為基層社會的縮影,是數(shù)量最多、分布最廣的社會實體。改革開放后,依托“社區(qū)制”產(chǎn)生的社區(qū)治理開始興起,現(xiàn)如今,我國在社區(qū)發(fā)展和建設(shè)方面已經(jīng)取得長足的進步,但也涌現(xiàn)出許多問題,亟待解決以實現(xiàn)有效的社區(qū)治理。以信任、規(guī)范、網(wǎng)絡(luò)為主要表現(xiàn)形式的社會資本研究為社區(qū)治理提供了一個全新的視角。良好的社會資本不僅是社區(qū)治理的重要目標(biāo),也是支持社區(qū)治理有效運作的基本條件。社區(qū)治理的目標(biāo)就是通過社區(qū)多元主體對社區(qū)公共事務(wù)的共同參與,在相互依賴、職責(zé)分明的基礎(chǔ)上整合社區(qū)資源,共同維護社區(qū)公共利益,推動社區(qū)發(fā)展。社區(qū)社會資本作為社區(qū)居民間互動所產(chǎn)生的互惠互利關(guān)系的總和,有助于社區(qū)內(nèi)多元利益的表達與整合,有利于解決社區(qū)治理中集體行動的困境以及降低社區(qū)治理成本。關(guān)于社會資本的構(gòu)成,研究社會資本的學(xué)者們觀點各異,但就一個社會所具有的組織資源而言,信任、規(guī)范和網(wǎng)絡(luò)這三個變量是社會資本的基本組成因素,是人們在社會行動中反復(fù)博弈的結(jié)果,一旦形成就具有良性互動的效果,社會資本三維變量在社區(qū)中體現(xiàn)為社區(qū)信任、社區(qū)規(guī)范與社區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。當(dāng)前我國社區(qū)社會資本存在發(fā)育不良和缺乏的問題,對社區(qū)治理造成了阻礙,主要表現(xiàn)為:社區(qū)信任存在居民間的人際信任缺失以及居民對社區(qū)“三駕馬車”的信任度低的問題;社區(qū)規(guī)范中社區(qū)行政法律規(guī)范缺失、社區(qū)道德倫理規(guī)范缺失以及社區(qū)互惠規(guī)范不足;社區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)存在公民參與網(wǎng)絡(luò)不充分以及社區(qū)關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)缺失的問題。本文通過研究社區(qū)社會資本的現(xiàn)狀,發(fā)現(xiàn)問題并分析原因,借鑒了美國社區(qū)治理中培育社會資本的經(jīng)驗,提出培育我國社區(qū)社會資本的建議:完善相關(guān)法律政策,創(chuàng)造良好的制度環(huán)境;培育社區(qū)信任,構(gòu)建社區(qū)信任體系;培育社區(qū)規(guī)范,建立社區(qū)互惠規(guī)范;培育社區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò),實現(xiàn)多元主體積極參與。
[Abstract]:Community as the microcosm of grassroots society is the largest and most widely distributed social entity. After the reform and opening up, the community governance based on "community system" began to rise. Nowadays, our country has made great progress in community development and construction, but there are also many problems that need to be solved urgently to realize effective community governance. The research on social capital with trust, norm and network as the main form provides a new perspective for community governance. Good social capital is not only the important goal of community governance, but also the basic condition to support the effective operation of community governance. The goal of community governance is to integrate community resources on the basis of mutual dependence and clear responsibilities, to jointly safeguard community public interests and to promote community development through the joint participation of multiple subjects in community public affairs. Community social capital, as the sum of the mutual benefit relations produced by the interaction among community residents, is helpful to the expression and integration of multiple interests in the community, to solve the dilemma of collective action in community governance and to reduce the cost of community governance. Scholars who study social capital have different views on the composition of social capital, but as far as the organizational resources of a society are concerned, the three variables of trust, norm and network are the basic constituent factors of social capital. It is the result of repeated game in social action. Once formed, it has the effect of positive interaction. The three dimensional variables of social capital are community trust, community norm and community network in the community. At present, there are problems of poor development and lack of community social capital in our country, which hinder the community governance. The main manifestations are as follows: the lack of interpersonal trust among the residents and the low trust degree of the residents to the "Troika" of the community; In the community norms, the lack of legal norms of community administration, the lack of ethical norms of the community and the lack of norms of community reciprocity; the problems of the network of citizen participation and the lack of network of community relations exist in the community network. By studying the current situation of community social capital, finding out the problems and analyzing the reasons, this paper draws lessons from the experience of cultivating social capital in American community governance, and puts forward some suggestions for cultivating community social capital in our country: perfecting the relevant laws and policies, Create a good institutional environment; Cultivate community trust, build community trust system, cultivate community norms, establish community reciprocity norms, cultivate community networks, and realize active participation of multiple subjects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D669.3

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