本文選題：英國政黨政治 + 政黨治理模式��； 參考：《政治學(xué)研究》2017年04期

【摘要】：各國政黨治理模式都是國家層面的政黨治理模式與政黨層面的內(nèi)部治理模式的復(fù)合體。英國作為現(xiàn)代政黨發(fā)源地,長期以來視政黨為私人組織,國家法律對政黨奉行默認(rèn)態(tài)度,實行政黨自治;但2000年英國《政黨、選舉及全民公投法》開始全面而嚴(yán)格地規(guī)范政黨注冊、政治捐款、競選開支與選舉活動。這意味著英國政黨治理模式的重大轉(zhuǎn)變,標(biāo)志著英國開始推行政黨公共選舉活動法制化,對政黨進行"法律擇要規(guī)范",同時保留政黨內(nèi)部自治傳統(tǒng)。就英國兩大政黨內(nèi)部治理模式與特點而言,工黨內(nèi)部治理奉行多元民主基礎(chǔ)上的中央集權(quán),重視黨的民主性、整體性、代表性與社會性,依章依規(guī)治黨;保守黨內(nèi)部治理則猶如公司治理,奉行寡頭統(tǒng)治與領(lǐng)袖集權(quán),主要按政治慣例與政治倫理行事。這說明國家法律對政黨組織屬性定位決定著該國政黨治理的基本模式,但政黨組織原則、黨內(nèi)關(guān)系等決定著該黨內(nèi)部治理模式與特點,世界范圍乃至一國之內(nèi)不同政黨的治理模式具有多樣性。
[Abstract]:The models of political party governance in all countries are the complex of the party governance model at the national level and the internal governance model at the political party level. As the birthplace of modern political parties, Britain has for a long time regarded political parties as private organizations. National laws have adopted a tacit attitude towards political parties and have exercised party autonomy. The elections and referendums Act began to comprehensively and strictly regulate party registration, political donations, campaign expenses, and election activities. This means a significant change in the mode of governance of British political parties, which marks the beginning of the legalization of the public election activities of political parties, the "choice of laws" for political parties, and the preservation of the tradition of internal autonomy of political parties. As far as the internal governance mode and characteristics of the two major political parties in Britain are concerned, the internal governance of the Labour Party adheres to the centralization of power on the basis of pluralistic democracy, attaches importance to the democracy, integrity, representativeness and sociality of the Party, and governs the Party according to the rules and regulations. Tory internal governance is like corporate governance, oligarchy and leadership centralization, mainly according to political conventions and political ethics. This shows that the orientation of national law to the attribute of political party organization determines the basic mode of political party governance in this country, but the principles of party organization and the relations within the party determine the internal governance mode and characteristics of the party. The governance models of different political parties all over the world and even within a country are diverse.
【作者單位】： 中共上海市委黨校政黨研究所、上海市社會科學(xué)創(chuàng)新研究基地(黨的執(zhí)政能力建設(shè));
【基金】：國家社會科學(xué)基金重大項目“新時期黨的工作作風(fēng)與群眾關(guān)系研究”(項目號13&ZD009)的研究成果 國家“萬人計劃”領(lǐng)軍人才、全國文化名家暨“四個一批”人才專項經(jīng)費資助
【分類號】：D756.1

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