本文選題：烏克蘭危機 + 地緣政治��； 參考：《遼寧大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為多極化格局中發(fā)展勢頭強勁的兩個重要成員,俄羅斯與歐盟之間的雙邊關系是當今世界上極為重要的一對國際關系。冷戰(zhàn)期間,以美國為首的資本主義陣營和以蘇聯(lián)為首的社會主義陣營緊張對峙,蘇聯(lián)與主要歐洲國家之間是針鋒相對的敵對關系。蘇聯(lián)解體、冷戰(zhàn)結束后,原蘇聯(lián)最大的加盟國俄羅斯獨立,歐洲聯(lián)盟也于1993年11月1日正式成立,歐洲大陸的地緣政治格局發(fā)生了驚天動地的變化。在經濟全球化趨勢的推動下,水火難容的俄羅斯與歐盟迎來了改善雙邊關系的契機。盡管雙方依然存在一系列分歧乃至矛盾,但俄羅斯與歐盟還是牢牢地把握住了這一難得的歷史機遇,不失時機的改善了雙方之間的關系。1994年6月24日,俄羅斯與歐盟簽署《伙伴關系與合作協(xié)定》。該協(xié)定自1997年生效以來,雙方舉行了多輪首腦會議,相互了解程度日漸加深。通過共同努力,俄羅斯與歐盟已經在經濟、政治、安全等領域建立了全方位的合作關系。20世紀90年代以來,俄歐關系總體上沿著克服摩擦、擴大合作的軌跡向前發(fā)展。自2000年以來,隨著俄羅斯經濟的恢復和綜合國力的增強,雙方關系邁入了一個新的階段。2013年11月21日,在國內經濟困境與俄羅斯的利益吸引面前無計可施的烏克蘭時任政府做出了暫停跟歐盟簽署聯(lián)系國協(xié)定的艱難決定。消息一出,立刻引起軒然大波。親歐分子涌向街頭,舉行了大規(guī)模的游行示威。他們呼吁重新進行總統(tǒng)選舉,成立親西方的新政府。2014年2月22日,亞努科維奇的總統(tǒng)職務被罷免,并決定于5月25日提前進行總統(tǒng)選舉。隨后,克里米亞獨立入俄,頓涅茨克州和盧甘斯克州相繼宣布成立獨立“主權國家”,政府軍與反政府勢力陷入混戰(zhàn),美歐聯(lián)合對俄發(fā)起一系列制裁行動。至此,烏克蘭危機從國內動亂演變?yōu)槎砻罋W之間的戰(zhàn)略博弈,并導致俄羅斯與美歐之間的關系緊張惡化。烏克蘭危機爆發(fā)后,俄歐之間的對抗因子驟然上升,俄羅斯地緣環(huán)境的進一步惡化、俄歐雙方發(fā)展目標的不同以及戰(zhàn)略互信的嚴重缺失都是制約未來俄歐關系正常平穩(wěn)發(fā)展的因素。此外,歐盟內部成員國對于俄羅斯態(tài)度的分歧以及美國對俄政策因素的影響,使得未來俄歐關系的不確定性增大。但由于雙方在許多方面存在共同利益且相互依賴程度的日益加深,決定了俄歐之間雖有糾紛,卻始終不會脫離合作的主旋律,未來俄歐關系總體上能夠保持相對穩(wěn)定的發(fā)展態(tài)勢。但是,雙方關系徹底緩和回暖尚需時日。因此,理性看待對方發(fā)展,尊重彼此核心利益,排除他方干擾,增強戰(zhàn)略互信,通過合作與對話的方式來處理雙邊關系仍舊是俄羅斯與歐盟的最佳選擇。
[Abstract]:As two important members with strong development momentum in the multi-polarization pattern, the bilateral relations between Russia and the European Union are extremely important international relations in the world today. During the Cold War, the capitalist camp led by the United States and the socialist camp led by the Soviet Union were facing each other, and the Soviet Union and the major European countries had a tit-for-tat hostile relationship. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, Russia, the largest member of the Soviet Union, became independent, and the European Union was formally established on November 1, 1993. The geopolitical structure of the European continent had undergone earth-shaking changes. Driven by the trend of economic globalization, Russia and the European Union are facing an opportunity to improve bilateral relations. Although there are still a series of differences and even contradictions between the two sides, Russia and the European Union have firmly grasped this rare historical opportunity and missed the opportunity to improve relations between the two sides. On June 24, 1994, Russia and the European Union signed the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement. Since the agreement came into force in 1997, the two sides have held multiple summits and mutual understanding has deepened. Through joint efforts, Russia and the European Union have established all-round cooperative relations in the fields of economy, politics, security and so on. Since the 1990s, Russian-European relations have generally developed along the track of overcoming friction and expanding cooperation. Since 2000, with the recovery of Russia's economy and the enhancement of its overall national strength, bilateral relations have entered a new stage. In the face of domestic economic woes and Russia's interests, Ukraine's then-government made a tough decision to suspend its associated country agreement with the European Union. As soon as the news came out, it caused an uproar. Pro-Europeans flocked to the streets and staged large demonstrations. They called for a new presidential election and a new pro-Western government. On February 22, 2014, Yanukovych's presidency was removed and he decided to hold early presidential elections on May 25. Subsequently, Crimea became independent into Russia, Donetsk and Luhansk declared the establishment of an independent "sovereign state" one after another, government forces and rebel forces fell into a melee, and the United States and Europe jointly launched a series of sanctions against Russia. So far, the Ukraine crisis has evolved from civil unrest to a strategic game between Russia, the United States and Europe, and has led to tensions between Russia and the United States and Europe. Since the outbreak of the crisis in Ukraine, the confrontation factor between Russia and Europe has risen sharply, and the geopolitical environment of Russia has further deteriorated. The differences in development goals between Russia and Europe and the serious lack of strategic mutual trust are all factors restricting the normal and stable development of Russian-European relations in the future. In addition, differences in the attitude of EU members towards Russia and the impact of U.S. policy on Russia have increased uncertainty in future Russian-European relations. However, because the two sides have common interests in many areas and the degree of interdependence is deepening, it is decided that although there is a dispute between Russia and Europe, it will never break away from the main theme of cooperation. In the future, Russia and Europe will be able to maintain a relatively stable development trend on the whole. However, it will take time for the two sides to completely ease up and warm up. Therefore, it is still the best choice for Russia and the EU to treat each other's development rationally, respect each other's core interests, eliminate interference from others, strengthen strategic mutual trust and handle bilateral relations through cooperation and dialogue.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D815

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