本文選題：民辦養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)　切入點(diǎn)：行政法律監(jiān)管　出處：《遼寧大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和醫(yī)療水平的提高,我國(guó)的人均壽命也在延長(zhǎng),老年人占總?cè)丝诘谋戎卦黾?對(duì)老年人群體的社會(huì)扶持也提上日程。我國(guó)的社會(huì)的老齡化問(wèn)題正在逐步凸顯,對(duì)養(yǎng)老問(wèn)題已經(jīng)不僅僅是個(gè)人或家庭問(wèn)題,而已經(jīng)逐漸成為社會(huì)需要重視的一個(gè)方面。在老年人口的比例逐漸升高,且空巢老人,失能老人的數(shù)量不斷增多的情況下,社會(huì)需要多元化的養(yǎng)老服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)適應(yīng)社會(huì)發(fā)展和人們的需要,養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)是近些年來(lái)人們逐漸重視起來(lái)的未來(lái)養(yǎng)老的模式,但我國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)觀念和近些年來(lái)對(duì)民辦養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)監(jiān)管的不到位,導(dǎo)致人們對(duì)其信賴程度下降,導(dǎo)營(yíng)利程度不高。我國(guó)目前的情況公辦養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)硬件軟件設(shè)施較好,社會(huì)的信任度高,并且有國(guó)家的全額經(jīng)濟(jì)扶持,收費(fèi)也較為合理,但分布不廣,多處于一二線城市之中,床位資源較為緊張,供不應(yīng)求。因此為迎合社會(huì)需要,許多民辦養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,但若政府對(duì)其行政監(jiān)管不到位,易對(duì)老年人的人身權(quán)益等造成傷害,而有關(guān)民辦養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)的行政監(jiān)管的立法和具體行政行為的監(jiān)管仍落后與社會(huì)發(fā)展,對(duì)其規(guī)制的大多是政策性的文件和綱領(lǐng),因此,需要系統(tǒng)權(quán)威的法律法規(guī)對(duì)其進(jìn)行行政監(jiān)管。養(yǎng)老服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)有自身的特殊性,兼顧社會(huì)功能和道德功能,有一定程度的社會(huì)服務(wù)性質(zhì)。為了保障其社會(huì)功能的良好運(yùn)行,不能放任其全部通過(guò)市場(chǎng)來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)和普通的行政監(jiān)管,必須對(duì)民辦養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)立準(zhǔn)入、運(yùn)營(yíng)、和終止后的安置等工作進(jìn)行專項(xiàng)的行政監(jiān)管,同時(shí)要注重養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)的立法體系的完整度和新鮮度,以促進(jìn)民辦養(yǎng)老服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)健康有序發(fā)展。筆者立足于我國(guó)社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)和養(yǎng)老產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài),建議對(duì)民辦養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)的監(jiān)管采取“寬進(jìn)嚴(yán)出”的方式進(jìn)行,采取登記制度。在運(yùn)營(yíng)監(jiān)管方面建議政府提供信息公開平臺(tái)并根據(jù)實(shí)地情況制定評(píng)估機(jī)制和第三方監(jiān)督機(jī)制,同時(shí)對(duì)其運(yùn)行時(shí)的監(jiān)管,專業(yè)人員資質(zhì)以及機(jī)構(gòu)關(guān)閉之后老人的后續(xù)安置問(wèn)題等進(jìn)行研究并提出自己的見解和建議。通過(guò)分析我國(guó)民辦養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)的現(xiàn)狀,借鑒國(guó)外養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)的行政監(jiān)管法律及政策,在行政法律領(lǐng)域探討解決對(duì)策。介紹民辦養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)的概念和法律性質(zhì),為全文提供理論鋪墊,對(duì)比民辦養(yǎng)老中非營(yíng)利的民辦養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)和營(yíng)利性的民辦養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu),闡明對(duì)其進(jìn)行行政監(jiān)管的重要性。指出我國(guó)民辦養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)行政監(jiān)管現(xiàn)狀及存在的問(wèn)題,包括準(zhǔn)入、養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)的資金運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)及相關(guān)立法和運(yùn)營(yíng)監(jiān)管。介紹了國(guó)外對(duì)于養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)相關(guān)的法律及規(guī)定對(duì)比我國(guó)在各個(gè)方面的短板,思考我國(guó)的民辦養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)行政監(jiān)管和法律規(guī)定,總結(jié)從中得到的啟示,對(duì)我國(guó)民辦老機(jī)構(gòu)行政監(jiān)管的法律問(wèn)題提出幾點(diǎn)建議。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the improvement of medical treatment level, the average life expectancy of our country is also increasing, the proportion of the elderly in the total population is increasing, and the social support to the elderly group is also on the agenda. The problem of old-age support is not only a personal or family problem, but has gradually become an important aspect of society. When the proportion of the elderly population increases gradually, and the number of empty-nest elderly and disabled elderly increases, The society needs a variety of pension service institutions to meet the needs of social development and people. Pension institutions are the future pension model that people have gradually attached importance to in recent years. However, the traditional concept of our country and the lack of supervision of the private pension institutions in recent years have led to a decline in the degree of trust and a low degree of profit in the private pension institutions. The present situation in our country is relatively good in the hardware and software facilities of the public pension institutions. Social trust is high, and with the full economic support of the state, fees are more reasonable, but the distribution is not wide, most of them are in the first and second tier cities, the bed resources are relatively tight and the supply is short of supply. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of the society, Many private pension institutions have emerged as the times require, but if the government does not have proper administrative supervision over them, it will easily harm the personal rights and interests of the elderly. However, the legislation on administrative supervision of private pension institutions and the supervision of specific administrative acts are still lagging behind and social development. Most of the regulations are policy documents and programs, so, It needs systematic and authoritative laws and regulations to supervise its administration. Pension service institutions have their own particularity, both social and moral functions, a certain degree of social service nature. In order to ensure the good operation of their social functions, They cannot be allowed to regulate all of them through the market and ordinary administrative supervision. They must exercise special administrative supervision over the establishment, admission, operation, and placement after termination of private pension institutions. At the same time, we should pay attention to the completeness and freshness of the legislative system of pension institutions in order to promote the healthy and orderly development of the private pension service industry. It is suggested that the supervision of private pension institutions should be carried out in a "broad-entry and strict out" manner, and that a registration system should be adopted. In terms of operational supervision, the government should provide a platform for the disclosure of information and establish evaluation mechanisms and third-party supervision mechanisms according to the situation on the ground. At the same time, it studies the supervision of its running time, the qualification of professional personnel and the problems of the follow-up placement of the elderly after the closure of the institution, and puts forward its own opinions and suggestions. By analyzing the present situation of the private pension institutions in our country, Drawing lessons from the administrative supervision laws and policies of foreign pension institutions, this paper discusses the countermeasures in the field of administrative law, introduces the concept and legal nature of private pension institutions, and provides a theoretical basis for the full text. By comparing the non-profit-making private pension institutions with the profit-making private pension institutions, this paper expounds the importance of the administrative supervision of the private pension institutions, and points out the present situation and existing problems of the private pension institutions in China, including access. The capital operation and related legislation and operation supervision of pension institutions. This paper introduces the foreign laws and regulations related to pension institutions compared with the shortcomings of our country in various aspects, and thinks about the administrative supervision and legal provisions of private pension institutions in China. This paper summarizes the enlightenment and puts forward some suggestions on the legal problems of the administrative supervision of the old private institutions in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D669.6

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