本文關(guān)鍵詞： 恐怖主義 當(dāng)代恐怖襲擊 城市安全 中國(guó) 反恐防恐　出處：《上海國(guó)際問(wèn)題研究院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)代恐怖襲擊是指:以大量人員、設(shè)施聚集的現(xiàn)代化城市為實(shí)施襲擊的地點(diǎn),蓄意針對(duì)非戰(zhàn)斗目標(biāo)和重要設(shè)施的暴力或威脅使用暴力的行為,旨在通過(guò)在社會(huì)中制造恐怖氣氛以引起關(guān)注,來(lái)威脅政府或社會(huì)以達(dá)到某種政治性目的。在襲擊目標(biāo)方面,缺乏保護(hù)的商業(yè)場(chǎng)所和平民為主的“軟目標(biāo)”是主要的襲擊對(duì)象,而城市中重要的生命系統(tǒng),如通信系統(tǒng)、交通系統(tǒng)、飲水系統(tǒng)等也是潛在的襲擊目標(biāo);在襲擊方式方面,為制造大規(guī)模傷亡,恐怖襲擊中主要以武裝襲擊、爆炸式襲擊為主,而自殺式炸彈襲擊是主要的襲擊手段;在襲擊策略方面,為增加襲擊的成功率并擴(kuò)大社會(huì)影響,恐怖分子多采用“多點(diǎn)同時(shí)進(jìn)行”的策略,恐怖主義“本土化”、“草根化”趨勢(shì)明顯,“獨(dú)狼式”恐怖襲擊成為威脅城市安全的主要因素�？植澜M織從原來(lái)追求“象征價(jià)值最大化”轉(zhuǎn)向追求“恐怖氣氛最大化”,恐怖襲擊也因此變得越發(fā)濫殺無(wú)辜和殘忍,其危害性進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)。當(dāng)前中國(guó)面臨的恐怖主義威脅主要來(lái)自于兩個(gè)方面,一方面是周邊地區(qū)恐怖活動(dòng)猖獗、恐怖組織數(shù)量多、極端思想傳播廣泛,恐怖分子跨境流動(dòng)和極端思想的輸入滲透較為便利;另一方面是中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)的暴恐勢(shì)力呈現(xiàn)擴(kuò)張的態(tài)勢(shì),恐怖主義已經(jīng)從南疆向北疆和中東部地區(qū)擴(kuò)展,增加中東部主要城市的防恐反恐壓力。近年來(lái),國(guó)內(nèi)暴恐事件數(shù)量明顯增加,烈度加重。襲擊目標(biāo)同樣以“軟目標(biāo)”為主,但對(duì)“硬目標(biāo)”的襲擊也呈現(xiàn)增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)。襲擊中以爆炸式襲擊和冷兵器為主,并出現(xiàn)自殺式襲擊�？植乐髁x“本土化”趨勢(shì)明顯,呈現(xiàn)境內(nèi)外聯(lián)動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)。反恐防恐工作重在預(yù)防,中國(guó)應(yīng)構(gòu)筑反恐防恐的“四道防線”,即海外防線、邊境防線、省際防線和重點(diǎn)場(chǎng)所防線。海外防線和邊境防線都是以國(guó)家間合作為基礎(chǔ)的,其中信息溝通、共享機(jī)制的建立是關(guān)鍵,合作中應(yīng)以“平臺(tái)+機(jī)制”的模式推進(jìn),避免“空殼化”;省際防線和重點(diǎn)場(chǎng)所防線則主要立足于國(guó)內(nèi),應(yīng)以“政府+基層”的模式推進(jìn),其中基層組織和群眾是防線構(gòu)筑的核心,形成全民反恐的格局。
[Abstract]:Contemporary terrorist attacks are acts of violence or threats of violence deliberately directed against non-combat targets and vital facilities in modern cities with large numbers of personnel and facilities as the site of the attack, Aimed at threatening the Government or society for a political purpose by creating a climate of terror in society... in terms of targets, unprotected commercial sites and "soft targets" dominated by civilians are the main targets of attack, Important life systems in cities, such as communication systems, transportation systems, drinking water systems, and so on, are also potential targets. In terms of attack methods, in order to cause mass casualties, terrorist attacks are dominated by armed attacks and explosive attacks. Suicide bombings are the main means of attack. In terms of attack strategies, to increase the success rate of attacks and increase the impact of society, terrorists often resort to a "multi-point simultaneous" strategy. The trend of "localization" and "grass root" of terrorism is obvious, and the "lone wolf" terrorist attack has become the main factor threatening the security of the city. The terrorist organization has changed from pursuing "maximization of symbolic value" to pursuing "maximization of terrorist atmosphere". "and as a result of this, terrorist attacks have become even more indiscriminate and cruel, At present, the threat of terrorism in China mainly comes from two aspects. On the one hand, there are rampant terrorist activities in the surrounding areas, a large number of terrorist organizations, and widespread spread of extremist ideas. The cross-border movement of terrorists and the infiltration of extremist ideas are more convenient; on the other hand, the violent and terrorist forces in China are showing an expanding trend, and terrorism has spread from the south to the north and the central and eastern regions. Increasing anti-terrorist pressure in major cities in the central and eastern part of the country. In recent years, the number of violent terrorist incidents in China has increased significantly and the intensity has increased. The main targets are also "soft targets". But attacks on "hard targets" are also on the rise. The attacks are dominated by explosive attacks and cold weapons, and suicide attacks. The trend of "localization" of terrorism is obvious. The anti-terrorist work focuses on prevention. China should build "four lines of defense" against terrorism, that is, the overseas line of defense and the border line of defense. The overseas and border lines are based on inter-state cooperation, in which the establishment of information communication and sharing mechanisms is the key, and the cooperation should be promoted in the "platform mechanism" mode. To avoid "empty shell", the provincial defense line and the key place defense line are mainly based on the domestic, and should be promoted by the mode of "government grass roots", in which grass-roots organizations and the masses are the core of the defense line, and form the pattern of universal counterterrorism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海國(guó)際問(wèn)題研究院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D815.5

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