【摘要】：倫理學(xué)界對(duì)有關(guān)運(yùn)氣問題的研究的熱議,是由威廉姆斯和內(nèi)格爾于1976年發(fā)表同名論文——《道德運(yùn)氣》引發(fā)的。本文主要通過威廉姆斯及內(nèi)格爾的闡釋和當(dāng)代爭(zhēng)論的三種反對(duì)聲音來揭示道德運(yùn)氣的概念及道德運(yùn)氣問題的實(shí)質(zhì)。威廉姆斯通過道德運(yùn)氣的概念,揭示了傳統(tǒng)道德體系的能動(dòng)性局限及其評(píng)價(jià)困境。以威廉姆斯為代表的運(yùn)氣論者,強(qiáng)調(diào)運(yùn)氣干擾的真實(shí)性,反對(duì)道德評(píng)價(jià)僅僅局限于純粹的能動(dòng)性上。這激起了反對(duì)者——激進(jìn)的動(dòng)機(jī)論和溫和動(dòng)機(jī)論、后果論,基于不同的角度與立場(chǎng)的反駁。兩種相互沖突的道德直覺之間的自我糾結(jié),使得運(yùn)氣問題在當(dāng)代倫理中得以凸顯。盡管道德運(yùn)氣的概念在當(dāng)代頗具爭(zhēng)議,但運(yùn)氣問題已然成為倫理學(xué)難以越過事實(shí)。因而,對(duì)倫理學(xué)來說,重要的不再是運(yùn)氣是否存在,而是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)賦予運(yùn)氣多大的倫理價(jià)值。與這些相互對(duì)立的意見不同,在亞里士多德德性倫理學(xué)視野下,不僅正視運(yùn)氣的存在,且較為全面及合理的考察了運(yùn)氣的倫理意義。因此,我們選舉了亞氏的倫理視野,通過對(duì)其德性觀的論述來分析當(dāng)代道德運(yùn)氣的問題。
[Abstract]:The heated discussion on the issue of luck in ethics was triggered by Williams and Nagle, who published a paper of the same name, "moral luck" in 1976. This paper reveals the concept of moral luck and the essence of moral luck through Williams' and Nagle's explanation and three kinds of dissenting voices in contemporary debates. Williams reveals the limitations of the traditional moral system and its evaluation dilemma through the concept of moral luck. Williams as the representative of luck, emphasizing the truth of the interference of luck, against the moral evaluation is confined to pure initiative. This arouses opponents-radical motivationalism and moderate motivationalism, consequence theory, rebuttal based on different perspectives and positions. The self-entanglement between two conflicting moral intuition makes the problem of luck prominent in contemporary ethics. Although the concept of moral luck is controversial in modern times, the problem of luck has become a difficult fact in ethics. Therefore, what is important to ethics is not whether luck exists, but how much ethical value we should give to luck. In the view of Aristotle's ethics of virtue, we not only face the existence of luck, but also investigate the ethical significance of luck comprehensively and reasonably. Therefore, we elect the ethical vision of Aristotle and analyze the problem of contemporary moral luck through the exposition of his view of virtue.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：B82-0

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本文編號(hào)：2226761