本文選題：新中國　切入點：留學生　出處：《吉林大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：新中國的成立,結束了我國自鴉片戰(zhàn)爭以來被帝國主義國家壓迫和奴役的屈辱歷史,從此進入到中國共產黨領導人民進行經濟恢復和國家建設的軌道上來。而進行經濟恢復和國家建設面臨的最大難題就是各類科技專門人才奇缺。為此,中國共產黨運用各種途徑積極爭取海外留學生回國,掀起了新中國歷史上第一次留學生歸國潮。海外留學生的歸國,一定程度上緩解了這一時期我國人才緊缺的局面,對新中國的建設事業(yè)作出了重大貢獻。新中國成立初期的留學生歸國潮,在中國留學史和中華人民共和國史上譜寫下了光輝的篇章,也必然成為中國留學史和人才發(fā)展史領域的重要研究課題,面對當代激烈的人才爭奪國際局勢,認真研究這一時期的留學生歸國潮,對當前處在“人才流失大國之首”的中國具有重要的借鑒和啟發(fā)意義,論文分為四大部分來闡述。第一部分重點闡釋了論文選題的理論意義和現實意義、學術界對此論題的研究現狀、論文采用的研究方法以及創(chuàng)新之處。第二部分主要分析了新中國成立初期留學生歸國潮的歷史背景和基本概況。就其歷史背景而言,主要從宏觀上對新中國成立初期的國際國內形勢進行了分析。對留學生歸國潮的基本歷程,則分為高漲、低谷、回暖三個階段進行闡述。第三部分從黨和國家、社會團體、留學生自身三個層面入手,分析了新中國成立初期留學生歸國潮的成因,總結歸納了這一時期留學生歸國潮的特點,主要從留學生歸國潮所呈現出的基本趨勢、產生的社會效應以及所表現出的強烈的報國之志三個方面進行分析。第四部分則主要闡述了新中國成立初期留學生歸國潮的歷史貢獻和現實啟示。就歷史貢獻層面而言,主要闡述了歸國留學生群體在各科學領域的突出成就,概括了他們在新中國教育、國防及外交事業(yè)的發(fā)展方面的突出成就。就現實啟示層面而言,則主要從制定合理的留學生政策,建立健全人才體制機制,優(yōu)化國內相關環(huán)境,增強留學生的人文關懷,弘揚愛國主義民族精神這五個方面來論述。
[Abstract]:The founding of New China put an end to the humiliating history of our country being oppressed and enslaved by imperialist countries since the Opium War. Since then, the Communist Party of China has led the people on the track of economic recovery and national construction. The biggest problem in carrying out economic recovery and national construction is the great shortage of specialized scientific and technological personnel of all kinds. For this reason, The Communist Party of China has actively sought the return of overseas students through various channels, setting off the first wave of returned students in the history of the people's Republic of China. To some extent, the return of overseas students alleviated the shortage of talents in our country during this period. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the tide of overseas students returning to China has written a glorious chapter in the history of studying abroad in China and in the history of the people's Republic of China. It is also bound to become an important research topic in the history of Chinese study abroad and in the field of the history of talent development. In the face of the fierce international situation of the contemporary talent race, we must seriously study the tide of returning students from this period of time. It has important reference and enlightening significance for China, which is currently in the "head of the great country of brain drain". The thesis is divided into four parts to elaborate. The first part mainly explains the theoretical and practical significance of the selected topic of the thesis. The second part mainly analyzes the historical background and basic situation of the tide of overseas students returning to China in the early stage of the founding of New China. As far as its historical background is concerned, It mainly analyzes the international and domestic situation in the early days of the founding of New China from a macro perspective. The basic course of the tide of overseas students returning to China is divided into three stages: upsurge, trough and warming. The third part is from the party, the state, and social organizations. Starting with the three levels of foreign students themselves, this paper analyzes the causes of the return tide of foreign students in the early stage of the founding of New China, summarizes the characteristics of the tide of returning students abroad in this period, and mainly presents the basic trend from the tide of returning students to the country. The fourth part mainly expounds the historical contribution and realistic enlightenment of the tide of overseas students returning to the country in the early period of the founding of New China. This paper mainly expounds the outstanding achievements of returned overseas students in various fields of science, and summarizes their outstanding achievements in the development of education, national defense and foreign affairs in New China. It is mainly discussed from the following five aspects: making a reasonable policy for foreign students, establishing and perfecting the system of talents, optimizing the relevant domestic environment, strengthening the humanistic care of foreign students, and carrying forward the national spirit of patriotism.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D232

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