本文選題：《自由中國(guó)》　切入點(diǎn)：雷震　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2011年博士論文

【摘要】：1949年的滄海橫流、驚惶動(dòng)蕩之中,一批反共的自由主義者覺得有振起輿論、挽救時(shí)局的需要,即希望通過創(chuàng)辦報(bào)紙和雜志的形式,從思想上來(lái)與共產(chǎn)黨作斗爭(zhēng)。他們隨著國(guó)民政府的百萬(wàn)軍民撤離大陸,退守臺(tái)灣。流離動(dòng)蕩之中,他們?cè)谂_(tái)北創(chuàng)辦了《自由中國(guó)》半月刊雜志,并以之為思想與政治陣地,一而高擎“反共抗俄”的旗幟,一而繼續(xù)鼓吹“民主自由”的政治理念。雷震、殷海光等便是這個(gè)雜志的主要的負(fù)責(zé)人和撰稿人。胡適也曾一度被作為這個(gè)雜志的掛名發(fā)行人。 在與國(guó)民黨蔣氏政權(quán)度過了一段短暫的為“反共抗俄”而同聲相應(yīng)、同氣相求的日子之后,《自由中國(guó)》逐漸張揚(yáng)起自己的自由主義訴求,即開始向民眾宣傳自由與民主的真實(shí)價(jià)值,聲言個(gè)人自由高于國(guó)家自由、主張言論自由、實(shí)行民主政治、成立反對(duì)黨以監(jiān)督一黨專制,并且督促“政府”(各級(jí)的“政府”)切實(shí)改革政治經(jīng)濟(jì)、努力建立自由民主的社會(huì)。渡海來(lái)臺(tái)的國(guó)民黨政權(quán)在經(jīng)過一番痛定思痛的反省之后,對(duì)國(guó)民黨加以大力改造,非但沒有實(shí)行民主政治,反而繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持一黨專制的威權(quán)政治體制。隨著朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之后美國(guó)第七艦隊(duì)的入駐臺(tái)灣海峽及對(duì)臺(tái)扶助政策,國(guó)民黨政權(quán)走出風(fēng)雨飄雨之后,加緊了對(duì)自由主義訴求的壓制和打壓,《自由中國(guó)》與國(guó)民黨政權(quán)之間的歧見也便曰漸張裂而擴(kuò)大,在經(jīng)過《政府不可誘民入罪》、胡適辭職抗議信及《計(jì)劃教育質(zhì)疑》等幾次風(fēng)波之后,胡適脫卻發(fā)行人銜名,雷震被注銷國(guó)民黨黨籍,《自由中國(guó)》批評(píng)時(shí)政的尺度也便節(jié)節(jié)升高,亦更多碰觸當(dāng)權(quán)者的禁忌,尤其是“祝壽專號(hào)”的刊發(fā)和“今目的問題”欄目的開辟,刺破國(guó)民黨政權(quán)假借“反攻復(fù)國(guó)”的口號(hào)而威權(quán)統(tǒng)治臺(tái)灣的政治神話。國(guó)民黨政權(quán)遂對(duì)《自由中國(guó)》進(jìn)行全面性的圍剿和圍攻,羅織罪名,污蔑構(gòu)陷。在反對(duì)修改“憲法”及反蔣三連任的輿論鼓吹失敗之后,雷震終于走上與臺(tái)灣地方政治人物結(jié)合,籌組新黨的實(shí)際政治活動(dòng),這導(dǎo)致國(guó)民黨當(dāng)局的最大恐慌,也造成《自由中國(guó)》與國(guó)民黨政權(quán)的最后決裂,《自由中國(guó)》因此遭到當(dāng)局取締,島內(nèi)這波自由主義運(yùn)動(dòng)也在雷震被捕入獄的悲劇中落幕。 《自由中國(guó)》生命歷程中的三位關(guān)鍵角色：胡適、雷震及殷海比,長(zhǎng)期成為學(xué)界關(guān)注和研究的對(duì)象。胡適的消極退讓使他“自由主義之父”的光環(huán)漸漸消褪而蛻變?yōu)橐粋�(gè)“鄉(xiāng)愿”,不僅在新黨組建上無(wú)所作為,對(duì)雷案也失語(yǔ)噤聲：雷震從“坐而論道”到“起而力行”的突破,是島內(nèi)自由主義群體從媒體論政走向組黨參政的開端,為后來(lái)者樹立了一個(gè)榜樣：殷海光的奮槌梃擊,義無(wú)反顧為他奠定了歷史的聲名,但也加速了《自由中國(guó)》的毀滅,并為自己遭遇迫害埋下了禍根,他們各自的命運(yùn)對(duì)島內(nèi)后續(xù)的自由主義運(yùn)動(dòng)當(dāng)有著相當(dāng)?shù)慕梃b意義。 《自由中國(guó)》對(duì)“一個(gè)中國(guó)”的堅(jiān)持和省籍問題的關(guān)注值得后人深思,它將祖國(guó)大陸反抗威權(quán)統(tǒng)治的自由主義精神“橫向嫁接”到臺(tái)灣,興起了島內(nèi)自由主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的聲浪,并為后來(lái)的黨外運(yùn)動(dòng)所“縱向傳承”。雷震被捕和《自由中國(guó)》終刊,威權(quán)政治籠罩臺(tái)灣社會(huì),自由主義知識(shí)分子遭到壓迫和迫害,但雜志所宣揚(yáng)的自由民主理念并未就此熄滅,《文星》、《大學(xué)雜志》、《臺(tái)灣評(píng)論》、《中國(guó)論壇》等刊物的接續(xù)出現(xiàn),《自由中國(guó)》則是其重要源頭。它們同樣標(biāo)舉自由主義旗幟,在島內(nèi)播撒自由民生理念以及西方政黨政治主張——即合法的有力的反對(duì)黨的存在是監(jiān)察、督促政治清明的良方�？梢�,《自由中國(guó)》充當(dāng)了在臺(tái)灣傳播自由主義的先驅(qū)者的角色。
[Abstract]:In the turbulent flow of 1949 , a group of anti - communist Liberals felt that there was a need to rally public opinion and save the time , that is , to fight against the Communist Party by starting newspapers and magazines . They set up a magazine in Taipei in Taipei to return to Taiwan . As the national government ' s million people withdrew from the mainland , they continued to preach the political idea of " freedom of democracy " . Lei Zhen , Yin Haiguang , etc . were the leading principal and author of the magazine . Hu Shi was once used as the publisher of this magazine .

After a brief history of " anti - communist Russia " in the Kuomintang regime , the Kuomintang government began to advocate freedom and democracy . After the defeat of the Kuomintang government , the Kuomintang government has stepped up its political economy and tried to establish a free and democratic society . After the Kuomintang government has gone out of the rain and rain , the Kuomintang government has stepped up its political economy and tried to establish a free and democratic society .

The three key roles in the life course of free China are Hu Shi , Lei Zhen and Yin Hai ratio , which have become the object of attention and research in the academic circle .

China ' s adherence to the " One China " and the concern of the provinces and nationality are worth thinking deeply . The liberal spirit of resistance to authoritarian rule in the mainland of the motherland is " laterally grafted " to Taiwan . The concept of free democracy advocated by the magazine has not been extinguished . However , the concept of free democracy advocated by the magazine has not been extinguished . However , the existence of liberal democratic ideas advocated by the magazine is an important source of supervision and supervision .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：G239.29

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

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