【摘要】：隨著我國電力行業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展,特別是高壓、特高壓直流輸電項目的快速發(fā)展,電力電容器作為濾波與無功補(bǔ)償裝置被廣泛用于直流輸電的換流站中。換流站的電容器裝置通常由多個電容器塔架組成,每個電容器塔架又由上百臺電容器陣列構(gòu)成,其中單臺電容器輻射的噪聲約為60d B。因此,由成千數(shù)百臺電容器疊加輻射的噪聲則高達(dá)90d B。目前,對于換流站中的電容器裝置噪聲污染問題主要采取聲屏障的被動隔聲辦法,聲屏障治理辦法不僅造價高而且沒有從噪聲源上進(jìn)行降噪,因此研究單臺電力電容器的可聽噪聲控制方法具有重要的意義。本文的主要研究內(nèi)容如下:1、研究了基于有限元理論的電力電容器振動與噪聲仿真方法。首先對電力電容器的內(nèi)部構(gòu)造進(jìn)行分析得到其振動仿真的激勵條件,然后在LMS Virtual.lab軟件中建立電容器有限元模型并進(jìn)行振動仿真,緊接著將電容器結(jié)構(gòu)振動仿真得到的電容器外表面法向振速與聲學(xué)邊界元法理論作為基礎(chǔ)對電力電容器進(jìn)行聲學(xué)仿真,最后通過實驗測試的方式驗證仿真方法的可行性。2、研究了電流激勵下電力電容器的噪聲輻射比,有利于準(zhǔn)確估算單臺電力電容器的輻射噪聲。首先在分析噪聲輻射比理論的基礎(chǔ)上應(yīng)用振聲頻響函數(shù)法設(shè)計了電流激勵下電力電容器噪聲輻射比的測試與驗證實驗,并對測試結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析研究。3、研究了電力電容器的芯子底面與殼體間設(shè)置減振器的噪聲控制方法。首先基于機(jī)械阻抗法建立電容器結(jié)構(gòu)振動的簡化振動模型,然后根據(jù)電容器降噪量與電容器殼體振動之間的關(guān)系,以及波紋管的性能要求設(shè)計了一種波紋管減振器,最后制造含波紋管減振器的電容器樣品,并對電容器樣品進(jìn)行降噪效果測試實驗。實驗結(jié)果表明:所設(shè)計的波紋管減振器件具有良好的減振降噪效果并與設(shè)計預(yù)期相符合,其中電容器底面方向降噪量最大,電容器底面對應(yīng)的噪聲測試場點(diǎn)降噪量達(dá)9d B。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of power industry in China, especially the rapid development of high voltage and ultra-high voltage HVDC transmission projects, power capacitors are widely used in HVDC converter stations as filtering and reactive power compensation devices. The capacitor device of the converter station is usually composed of several capacitor towers, each of which consists of hundreds of capacitor arrays, in which the noise emitted by a single capacitor is about 60 dB. As a result, the noise emitted by the superposition of hundreds of capacitors is as high as 90 dB. At present, for the noise pollution of capacitor installation in converter station, the passive noise insulation method of sound barrier is mainly adopted. The control method of noise barrier is not only high cost but also does not reduce noise from the noise source. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the audible noise control method of a single power capacitor. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The simulation method of vibration and noise of power capacitor based on finite element theory is studied. Firstly, the internal structure of the power capacitor is analyzed and the excitation conditions of its vibration simulation are obtained. Then the finite element model of the capacitor is established in the LMS Virtual.lab software and the vibration simulation is carried out. Then, based on the theory of normal vibration velocity and acoustic boundary element method of capacitor structure vibration simulation, the power capacitor is simulated. Finally, the feasibility of the simulation method is verified by the experimental test. The noise radiation ratio of power capacitor under current excitation is studied in this paper, which is helpful to accurately estimate the radiation noise of a single power capacitor. On the basis of analyzing the theory of noise radiation ratio, the measurement and verification experiment of noise radiation ratio of power capacitor under current excitation is designed by using the method of vibroacoustic frequency response function, and the test results are analyzed and studied. The noise control method of setting shock absorber between core bottom and shell of power capacitor is studied. Firstly, the simplified vibration model of capacitor structure vibration is established based on mechanical impedance method, and then a corrugated tube damper is designed according to the relationship between capacitor noise reduction and capacitor shell vibration, and the performance requirements of corrugated tube, and then a kind of corrugated tube vibration absorber is designed according to the relationship between capacitor noise reduction and capacitor shell vibration. Finally, the capacitor sample with corrugated tube damper is manufactured, and the noise reduction effect of the capacitor sample is tested. The experimental results show that the designed bellows damping device has a good damping and noise reduction effect and accords with the design expectations, in which the capacitor bottom direction noise reduction is the largest, the noise corresponding to the bottom surface of the capacitor noise test field point noise reduction amount up to 9 dB.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：桂林電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TM531.4

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