本文選題：云母槽 + 下刻�。� 參考：《重慶大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：長期以來,直流電機換向器云母槽下刻技術(shù)比較落后,不能在下刻過程中實現(xiàn)精確定位。目前國內(nèi)應(yīng)用的下刻機需要手工修刻,勞動量較大,且下刻精度差、效率低。隨著自動化程度的提高和電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展,全自動下刻技術(shù)成為云母槽下刻機發(fā)展的必要趨勢。針對目前下刻機存在的問題,將微控制器技術(shù)、傳感器技術(shù)、圖像處理技術(shù)、交流伺服技術(shù)等結(jié)合起來,設(shè)計一種基于CCD圖像傳感器的云母槽自動檢測與控制系統(tǒng),實現(xiàn)下刻過程中找槽、定位的自動化,減少了勞動量,對云母槽下刻機的發(fā)展具有重大意義。整個系統(tǒng)工作過程是在STM32微處理器控制下完成的。首先用CCD攝像頭提取換向器云母槽圖片,將CCD采集的視頻信號分為兩路,一路送到監(jiān)視器,另一路經(jīng)過外圍電路處理后送至單片機進(jìn)行處理。通過軟件算法提取到云母槽中心線的位置,再根據(jù)控制算法控制電機的運行,調(diào)節(jié)電機轉(zhuǎn)向和轉(zhuǎn)速,使云母槽中心線與刻刀對齊。論文主要任務(wù)分為兩個部分,云母槽位置檢測以及控制電機準(zhǔn)確定位。系統(tǒng)設(shè)計前先進(jìn)行仿真,驗證系統(tǒng)方案可行性,然后再進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)設(shè)計。首先選擇系統(tǒng)控制器,然后設(shè)計圖像數(shù)據(jù)獲取電路主要包括視頻分離電路和以及視頻識別電路。此外還設(shè)計了伺服系統(tǒng),用于控制換向器準(zhǔn)確定位。為了方便觀測和程序的調(diào)試,系統(tǒng)還設(shè)計人機接口模塊和通信模塊,通過觸摸顯示屏界面控制相關(guān)程序,PC機顯示采集的圖像數(shù)據(jù)。數(shù)據(jù)采集到控制器后,進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理,提取云母槽中心線,并根據(jù)云母槽位置進(jìn)行對伺服電機進(jìn)行控制。根據(jù)視頻分離電路分離出的識別信號,單片機截取圖像一部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行采集,對采集的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行濾波處理和邊界檢測。根據(jù)檢測出的云母槽邊界線確定云母槽的位置。然后控制私服電機轉(zhuǎn)動,進(jìn)行定位。定位設(shè)計分兩個部分,粗定位與精確定位。粗定位是控制電機帶動換向器從當(dāng)前槽,轉(zhuǎn)換到下一槽;精確定位采用PID控制算法,控制電機帶動云母槽進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確定位。最后設(shè)計相關(guān)實驗檢測系統(tǒng)性能,給出實驗數(shù)據(jù),對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對比分析,并提出誤差產(chǎn)生原因,以及解決方法,為后續(xù)工作奠定了基礎(chǔ),確定了進(jìn)一步研究的方向。
[Abstract]:For a long time, DC motor commutator mica groove engraving technology is relatively backward, can not achieve accurate positioning in the process of undercutting. At present, the domestic application of the engraving machine needs manual cutting, the labor is large, and the undercutting accuracy is poor, and the efficiency is low. With the improvement of automation and the development of electronic technology, automatic undercutting technology has become a necessary trend in the development of mica grooves. Aiming at the problems existing in the undercutting machine at present, a mica groove automatic detection and control system based on CCD image sensor is designed by combining microcontroller technology, sensor technology, image processing technology, AC servo technology and so on. It is of great significance for the development of mica grooves to realize the automation of grooving and positioning, and to reduce the amount of labor. The whole system works under the control of STM32 microprocessor. Firstly, the image of commutator mica slot is extracted by CCD camera, and the video signal collected by CCD is divided into two channels, one way is sent to monitor, the other is processed by peripheral circuit to single chip computer. The position of the center line of the mica groove is extracted by the software algorithm, then the running of the motor is controlled according to the control algorithm, and the steering and rotating speed of the motor are adjusted, so that the centerline of the mica groove is aligned with the cutter. The main task of this paper is divided into two parts: position detection of mica groove and accurate positioning of control motor. Before the system design, simulation is carried out to verify the feasibility of the system scheme, and then the system design. Firstly, the system controller is selected, and then the image data acquisition circuit is designed, which includes video separation circuit and video recognition circuit. In addition, a servo system is designed to control the accurate positioning of the commutator. In order to facilitate observation and program debugging, the system also designs man-machine interface module and communication module, and controls the related program through touch display screen interface to display the collected image data on PC computer. After the data is collected to the controller, the data is processed, the center line of the mica groove is extracted, and the servo motor is controlled according to the position of the mica groove. According to the recognition signal separated from the video separation circuit, the single-chip microcomputer intercepts part of the image data to collect, filter the collected data and detect the boundary. The location of the mica trough is determined according to the detected boundary line of the mica trough. Then control the rotation of the private motor, positioning. Positioning design is divided into two parts, rough positioning and accurate positioning. Rough positioning is to control the motor drive commutator from the current slot to the next slot, accurate positioning using PID control algorithm, control motor driven mica groove for accurate positioning. Finally, the performance of the related experimental detection system is designed, the experimental data is given, the data is compared and analyzed, and the causes of the errors are put forward, as well as the solution, which lays the foundation for the follow-up work and determines the direction of further research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TM33;TP273

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本文編號：1932217