本文關(guān)鍵詞：多通道加速度傳感器在振動(dòng)位移測(cè)量中的研究　出處：《中北大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 多通道炮口振動(dòng)測(cè)量 振動(dòng)位移 信號(hào)處理 MEMS加速度傳感器

【摘要】：火炮射擊時(shí),發(fā)射火藥瞬時(shí)燃燒產(chǎn)生的巨大的氣流膨脹力,以及高速運(yùn)動(dòng)中的彈丸與炮膛之間的摩擦力,都會(huì)導(dǎo)致炮口發(fā)生振動(dòng)。而這種振動(dòng)也會(huì)反過來影響彈丸產(chǎn)生起始擾動(dòng),進(jìn)而影響到火炮的射擊精度,以及對(duì)打擊目標(biāo)的殺傷力和破壞力。因此,業(yè)內(nèi)常選擇炮口的振動(dòng)位移作為炮口振動(dòng)影響火炮射擊精度的指標(biāo)之一。由于火炮發(fā)射后,炮管附近會(huì)產(chǎn)生煙霧、炮口焰等復(fù)雜的環(huán)境因素,其對(duì)測(cè)量?jī)x器的安全性和可靠性有很高的要求,因此對(duì)于炮口振動(dòng)位移的測(cè)量通常采用的是非接觸式的測(cè)量方法。該類方法測(cè)量精度較高,但是由于測(cè)量?jī)x器安裝不便限制了測(cè)試點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù),導(dǎo)致無法進(jìn)行炮口振動(dòng)的全面測(cè)量。近些年隨著MEMS加速度計(jì)的發(fā)展,其體積以及重量變得越來越小,使得通過接觸式方法測(cè)量炮口振動(dòng)成為一種選擇。本論文設(shè)計(jì)了一套應(yīng)用MEMS加速度計(jì)測(cè)量炮口振動(dòng)位移的加速度采集存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)通過對(duì)NAND FLASH編程時(shí)間的有效利用,使其存儲(chǔ)容量擴(kuò)展到16GB。并且充分利用了FPGA內(nèi)部軟核的32位數(shù)據(jù)總線,使該系統(tǒng)能夠同時(shí)采集32通道振動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù),達(dá)到了全面測(cè)量炮口振動(dòng)的目的。本論文首先介紹了采集存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)的硬件搭建以及多通道、數(shù)據(jù)同步采集的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式。然后介紹了加速度信號(hào)處理中直流分量以及多項(xiàng)式趨勢(shì)項(xiàng)的處理方法,重點(diǎn)介紹了本文提出的應(yīng)用于位移轉(zhuǎn)換的半周期積分算法及其優(yōu)化算法。最后通過設(shè)計(jì)的光放大法實(shí)驗(yàn)以及圖像采集法實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證了該套系統(tǒng)以及相關(guān)理論算法的可行性。本論文主要工作成果:(1)搭建了32通道的加速度傳感器數(shù)據(jù)采集存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng);(2)對(duì)振動(dòng)加速度信號(hào)進(jìn)行了頻域分析,研究了處理干擾信號(hào)以及傳感器零漂的相關(guān)算法;(3)模擬炮口振動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)了兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),并通過與加速度數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對(duì)比,驗(yàn)證了半周期積分算法及其優(yōu)化算法的可行性。
[Abstract]:When a gun is fired, the huge expansion force of the airflow produced by the instantaneous combustion of the gunpowder and the friction between the projectile and the gun bore in the course of high speed motion. This vibration will in turn affect the initial disturbance of the projectile, which in turn will affect the firing accuracy of the gun, as well as the lethal and destructive power of the target. The vibration displacement of muzzle is often chosen as one of the indexes which affect the firing accuracy of gun. Because of the smoke near the gun tube and the complex environmental factors such as muzzle flame and so on after the gun is fired. It has high requirements for the safety and reliability of measuring instruments. Therefore, non-contact measurement methods are usually used for measuring muzzle vibration displacement. However, due to the inconvenient installation of measuring instruments, it is impossible to measure the muzzle vibration. In recent years, with the development of MEMS accelerometers, its volume and weight become smaller and smaller. In this paper, a set of acceleration acquisition and storage system using MEMS accelerometer to measure the displacement of muzzle vibration is designed. The system uses NAND to measure the vibration displacement of muzzle. Efficient use of FLASH programming time. The storage capacity is extended to 16GB, and the 32-bit data bus of the soft core of FPGA is fully utilized, which enables the system to collect 32 channel vibration data at the same time. The aim of measuring muzzle vibration is achieved. Firstly, the hardware structure and multi-channel of the acquisition and storage system are introduced in this paper. The realization of synchronous data acquisition. Then the processing method of DC component and polynomial trend term in acceleration signal processing is introduced. This paper mainly introduces the semi-periodic integral algorithm and its optimization algorithm which is applied to displacement conversion. Finally, the experiments of optical amplification and image acquisition are carried out. The feasibility of the system and related theoretical algorithms is verified. In this paper, a 32-channel acceleration sensor data acquisition and storage system is built. 2) the frequency domain analysis of the vibration acceleration signal is carried out, and the algorithms of processing the interference signal and the zero drift of the sensor are studied. Two experiments are designed to simulate the muzzle vibration, and the feasibility of the semi-periodic integral algorithm and its optimization algorithm is verified by comparing with the acceleration data.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TJ306;TP212.9;TP274

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