本文關(guān)鍵詞： 油田 網(wǎng)絡(luò) 油氣集輸 注水 拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化 參數(shù) 遺傳算法 模擬退火 軟件　出處：《大慶石油學(xué)院》2005年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)是油田地面建設(shè)的依據(jù),其設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量的好壞直接影響到油田開發(fā)建設(shè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。由于油田地面管網(wǎng)是涉及離散拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化、非線性參數(shù)優(yōu)化、多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化等在內(nèi)的一類十分復(fù)雜的大型混合優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)問題,其中有些子問題屬于NP 難題,傳統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方法難以獲得較好的效果,導(dǎo)致目前油田地面管網(wǎng)仍舊停留在人工憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)的階段。隨著優(yōu)化技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,以模擬退火、遺傳算法、神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)等為代表的智能計(jì)算方法以其高效的優(yōu)化性能、無需問題特殊信息、具有全局搜索能力等優(yōu)點(diǎn),受到了各領(lǐng)域的廣泛關(guān)注和應(yīng)用,成為解決工程難解問題的有力工具,也為油田地面管網(wǎng)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的有效解決提供了一定的手段。本文擬在對油田地面管網(wǎng)進(jìn)行深入分析研究的基礎(chǔ)上,采用智能計(jì)算技術(shù),根據(jù)實(shí)際問題需求建立數(shù)學(xué)模型,通過設(shè)計(jì)適當(dāng)?shù)乃惴ê途幹葡鄳?yīng)的軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)該系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。論文主要從以下幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行論述:　　 首先,在對油田地面管網(wǎng)的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)、層次關(guān)系、網(wǎng)絡(luò)變化特征等因素進(jìn)行深入分析研究的基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用圖論等相關(guān)知識對地面管網(wǎng)中常見的MS 網(wǎng)絡(luò)、MRS 網(wǎng)絡(luò)和MST 網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行了嚴(yán)格的數(shù)學(xué)定義。在此基礎(chǔ)上,以網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)投資和年運(yùn)行費(fèi)用最小為目標(biāo)建立了這三種網(wǎng)絡(luò)多目標(biāo)規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)的數(shù)學(xué)模型。采用計(jì)算復(fù)雜性理論對模型的計(jì)算難度進(jìn)行了分析。根據(jù)模型的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)以及實(shí)際的規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)過程,采取分層次優(yōu)化策略,將模型求解分解為拓?fù)洳季謨?yōu)化和參數(shù)優(yōu)化兩個(gè)子問題,兩者之間通過迭代進(jìn)行協(xié)調(diào)。 其次,研究了油田地面管網(wǎng)拓?fù)洳季謨?yōu)化問題。針對前面所建立的MS 網(wǎng)絡(luò)、MRS 網(wǎng)絡(luò)和MST網(wǎng)絡(luò),以管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)投資最小為目標(biāo)研究建立了相應(yīng)的拓?fù)洳季謨?yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)學(xué)模型。根據(jù)模型的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),提出采用分級優(yōu)化法進(jìn)行求解。該方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是求解速度快、效率較高,但易于陷入局部優(yōu)解。針對該方法的不足,將分級優(yōu)化法、遺傳算法和模擬退火算法有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來,形成了一種混合遺傳模擬退火算法的求解策略。實(shí)例計(jì)算表明,該算法與分級優(yōu)化法相比,在優(yōu)化性能和初值魯棒性等方面均有不同程度地提高。針對布局區(qū)域內(nèi)存在障礙的問題,以MS 網(wǎng)絡(luò)為例研究建立了障礙拓?fù)洳季謨?yōu)化的二級混合規(guī)劃模型,并提出混合遺傳模擬退火算法的求解策略,給出了染色體的表達(dá)方式、可行性調(diào)整方法及評估計(jì)算方法,在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中取得了較好效果。 參數(shù)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)是管網(wǎng)規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)中的一個(gè)重要問題。根據(jù)油氣集輸管網(wǎng)和注水管網(wǎng)的結(jié)構(gòu)和工藝流程特點(diǎn),采用流體力學(xué)理論推導(dǎo)了系統(tǒng)水力和熱力分析計(jì)算方法。在此基礎(chǔ)上,以降低管網(wǎng)投資和生產(chǎn)運(yùn)行能耗為目的研究建立了這兩個(gè)系統(tǒng)多目標(biāo)參數(shù)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的數(shù)學(xué)模型。該模型是包含離散變量和連續(xù)變量的大型混合優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)問題。為了對模型進(jìn)行有效求解,本文采用加權(quán)的方法首先將模型轉(zhuǎn)化為單目標(biāo)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)問題,然后采用混合遺傳算法進(jìn)行求解。實(shí)例計(jì)算表明了這種方法的有效性和可靠性。 針對油田開發(fā)過程中地面工程系統(tǒng)的負(fù)荷率下降,效率降低,生產(chǎn)運(yùn)行能耗升高的問題開展了研究。以生產(chǎn)運(yùn)行能耗最小為目標(biāo)研究建立了油氣集輸系統(tǒng)和注水系統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)運(yùn)行方案優(yōu)化問題的數(shù)學(xué)模型,并分別采用序列二次規(guī)劃法和混合遺傳算法進(jìn)行求解,在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中取得了良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。 最后,在以上理論研究工作的基礎(chǔ)上,采用C++ Builder 語言編制完成了基于智能計(jì)算的油田地面管網(wǎng)規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)運(yùn)行方案優(yōu)化軟件。應(yīng)用該軟件進(jìn)行規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì),不僅可以大大縮短規(guī)劃方案編制周期,而且能夠明顯提高規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)的質(zhì)量,因而具有重要的應(yīng)用和推廣價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Planning and design is the basis of oilfield surface construction, the quality of its design directly affects the economic benefit of the oilfield exploitation. Because oilfield pipeline network is related to discrete topology optimization, nonlinear parameter optimization, large mixed optimization design problem for a class of multiobjective optimization, is very complex, some of them belong to NP hard problems. Traditional optimization methods are difficult to obtain good results, leading to the current oilfield pipeline network is mainly based on the human experience of planning and design stage. With the continuous development of optimization technology, using simulated annealing, genetic algorithm, neural network as the representative of the calculation method for its high performance and no special information that has the advantage of global searching ability, has received widespread attention and application in various fields, has become a powerful tool for solving engineering problem, but also for the oil field Provides a means to optimize the design of the network effectively solve the surface. This article, based on the deep analysis of the oilfield pipeline network, using intelligent computing technology, the mathematical model is established according to the actual demand, optimize the design of the system through software design and programming corresponding appropriate algorithms. This paper mainly discusses from the following aspects:
First, at the level of structure characteristics of oilfield pipeline network relationship, based on the analysis of network characteristics and other factors, using graph theory and other related knowledge on common ground network MS network, MRS network and MST network is a mathematical definition. On this basis, the establishment of the three network the goal of the planning and design of mathematical model to minimize the network investment and operation cost as the goal. The difficulty in calculating the complexity of theoretical calculation for the model are analyzed. According to the structural characteristics of the model and practical design process, adopt hierarchic optimization strategy, the model is decomposed into two sub topology layout optimization and parameters optimization problem. Between the two are coordinated through iteration.
Secondly, study the topology layout optimization of oilfield pipeline network is established. According to the MS network, MRS network and MST network, the network system of investment objective is to minimize the research established a mathematical model of optimization design of topology layout accordingly. According to the structural characteristics of the model, hierarchical optimization is adopted. The advantage of this method is the solution speed, higher efficiency, but is easy to fall into local optimal solution. Because of the deficiency of this method, the hierarchical optimization method, genetic algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm are combined, the formation of a hybrid genetic simulated annealing algorithm solving strategy. The calculation results show that compared with the algorithm of hierarchical optimization method, have different degree to improve the optimization performance and initial robustness. Aiming at the existing problems in the distribution area, the MS network as an example of topological layout optimization two A hybrid programming model is proposed, and the solving strategy of the hybrid genetic simulated annealing algorithm is proposed. The expression method, feasibility adjustment method and evaluation method of the chromosome are presented, which has achieved good results in practical applications.
Parameter optimization design is an important problem in network design. According to the structure and process characteristics of oil and gas pipeline and water injection pipe set, using the theory of fluid mechanics is the hydraulic and thermal system analysis method. On this basis, in order to reduce the network investment and production energy consumption established a mathematical model of multi-objective optimization the design parameters of the two systems for the purpose of research. The model is a hybrid optimization design problem with discrete and continuous variables. In order to solve the model, this paper will be transformed into a single objective optimization problem by using the weighted method, and then solved by the hybrid genetic algorithm. The calculation results show that the model is effective and reliability of this method.
To reduce surface engineering in the process of oilfield development system load rate, efficiency, high operation energy consumption is studied. The minimal energy consumption in operation as a mathematical model for optimization operation of transmission system and water injection system of oil and gas gathering scheme is established, and using the sequence of two quadratic programming method and hybrid genetic algorithm, and achieved good economic benefits in practical application.
Finally, based on the theoretical research results, using C++ Builder language to complete the preparation of software optimization of oilfield pipeline network planning design and operation scheme based on Intelligent Computing. Planning and design of the application, not only can greatly shorten the period of planning and design, and can greatly improve the design quality, which has important the application and promotion of value.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：大慶石油學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類號】：TE42

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

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