有效能量空洞避免的混合傳輸分簇路由算法研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-11 20:22
【摘要】：近年來隨著低成本低功耗微型傳感器的大規(guī)模生產,無線傳感器網絡的實用價值和應用前景非常廣闊。但傳感器節(jié)點能量高度受限,且工作環(huán)境通常十分惡劣,更換電池可行性不高,因此,如何高效利用有限能量以最大化網絡生命周期是無線傳感器網絡研究的關鍵問題。其中由于部分節(jié)點過早耗盡自身能量,導致失效節(jié)點覆蓋區(qū)域缺失或數(shù)據無法送達sink節(jié)點的能量空洞現(xiàn)象是無線傳感器網絡的一個研究重點和難點。該現(xiàn)象嚴重情況下使整個網絡無法正常工作,造成大量剩余資源的浪費。本文主要針對WSN中節(jié)點能耗不均衡而產生的能量空洞現(xiàn)象,在低功耗自適應集簇分層型協(xié)議基礎上,從簇頭選擇、節(jié)點部署、數(shù)據通信方面,設計了兩種新的分簇路由算法。具體的創(chuàng)新性工作如下:(1)為解決網絡邊緣區(qū)域能量空洞問題,提出了一種基于吸引因子和混合傳輸?shù)姆执芈酚伤惴?CRAH)。CRAH采用加權和的方式將節(jié)點剩余能量和位置作為合理選取簇頭的新指標,并將簇頭的任務重新分配給新選出的融合節(jié)點;在數(shù)據通信階段,設計吸引因子模型,使融合節(jié)點采用混合傳輸模式進行簇間數(shù)據通信,并改進Dijkstra算法,提出新的AF-DK算法,為簇間數(shù)據傳輸選擇最優(yōu)路徑,節(jié)省了通信開銷。(2)此外,CRAH中存在基站數(shù)據接收率低的問題,且多跳傳輸方式又會造成sink附近節(jié)點負載過重,產生內層網絡能量空洞現(xiàn)象,因此提出了群智能優(yōu)化和密度控制的能量空洞避免算法(EASD)。該算法根據感知數(shù)據轉發(fā)能耗建立節(jié)點密度遞減模型,保證數(shù)據轉發(fā)負載由相應數(shù)量的簇頭分擔,均衡每個簇頭的負載。為搜索簇頭到基站間多跳數(shù)據通信的最優(yōu)路徑,優(yōu)化群智能算法,加入每個鄰居節(jié)點的剩余能量、位置信息、傳輸距離和信息素等上下文信息,改進螞蟻選擇下一跳節(jié)點的轉移概率。其中,信息素更新時,結合數(shù)據包接收率,綜合考慮了能量、路徑長度和路徑質量,提高了網絡轉發(fā)路徑的可靠性,解決了基站接收數(shù)據率低的問題。(3)最后,通過模擬實驗表明兩種新算法有效避免了能量空洞問題,延長了網絡生命周期。同時在數(shù)據送達率方面對兩種新方案做了單獨對比,驗證了EASD進一步解決了CRAH中基站數(shù)據接收率低的問題,增強了路徑可靠性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the large-scale production of low-cost and low-power micro-sensors, the practical value and application prospect of wireless sensor networks are very broad. However, the energy of sensor nodes is highly limited, and the working environment is usually very bad, so it is not feasible to replace batteries. Therefore, how to make efficient use of limited energy to maximize the network life cycle is the key problem in wireless sensor networks. It is a research focus and difficulty in wireless sensor networks that some nodes exhaust their own energy prematurely, resulting in the lack of coverage area of invalid nodes or the inability of data to reach sink nodes. This phenomenon makes the whole network unable to work properly, resulting in the waste of a large number of remaining resources. In this paper, aiming at the phenomenon of energy hole caused by uneven energy consumption of nodes in WSN, two new clustering routing algorithms are designed from the aspects of cluster head selection, node deployment and data communication on the basis of low power adaptive cluster layer protocol. The specific innovative work is as follows: (1) in order to solve the problem of energy hole in the edge region of the network, a clustering routing algorithm (CRAH). CRH based on attraction factor and hybrid transmission is proposed, which takes the residual energy and position of the nodes as a new index to reasonably select the cluster head, and redistributes the task of the cluster head to the newly selected fusion node. In the stage of data communication, the attraction factor model is designed to make the fusion node use mixed transmission mode for inter-cluster data communication, and the Dijkstra algorithm is improved, and a new AF-DK algorithm is proposed to select the optimal path for inter-cluster data transmission, which saves the communication overhead. (2) in addition, there is a problem of low base station data reception rate in CRAH, and the multi-hop transmission mode will cause the node near sink to be overloaded. The energy hole phenomenon in the inner layer network is produced, so the energy hole avoidance algorithm (EASD)., which is a group intelligent optimization and density control algorithm, is proposed. The algorithm establishes a node density decline model according to the perceived data forwarding energy consumption, which ensures that the data forwarding load is shared by the corresponding number of cluster heads and balances the load of each cluster head. In order to search the optimal path of multi-hop data communication between cluster head and base station, the swarm intelligence algorithm is optimized. The context information such as residual energy, position information, transmission distance and pheromone of each neighbor node is added to improve the transfer probability of ant selection of the next hop node. Among them, when the pheromone is updated, combined with the packet reception rate, the energy, path length and path quality are considered synthetically, which improves the reliability of the network forwarding path and solves the problem of low data reception rate of the base station. (3) finally, the simulation results show that the two new algorithms effectively avoid the problem of energy voids and prolong the network life cycle. At the same time, the two new schemes are compared separately in the aspect of data delivery rate, which verifies that EASD further solves the problem of low data reception rate of base station in CRAH and enhances the path reliability.
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP212.9;TN929.5
本文編號：2497427
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the large-scale production of low-cost and low-power micro-sensors, the practical value and application prospect of wireless sensor networks are very broad. However, the energy of sensor nodes is highly limited, and the working environment is usually very bad, so it is not feasible to replace batteries. Therefore, how to make efficient use of limited energy to maximize the network life cycle is the key problem in wireless sensor networks. It is a research focus and difficulty in wireless sensor networks that some nodes exhaust their own energy prematurely, resulting in the lack of coverage area of invalid nodes or the inability of data to reach sink nodes. This phenomenon makes the whole network unable to work properly, resulting in the waste of a large number of remaining resources. In this paper, aiming at the phenomenon of energy hole caused by uneven energy consumption of nodes in WSN, two new clustering routing algorithms are designed from the aspects of cluster head selection, node deployment and data communication on the basis of low power adaptive cluster layer protocol. The specific innovative work is as follows: (1) in order to solve the problem of energy hole in the edge region of the network, a clustering routing algorithm (CRAH). CRH based on attraction factor and hybrid transmission is proposed, which takes the residual energy and position of the nodes as a new index to reasonably select the cluster head, and redistributes the task of the cluster head to the newly selected fusion node. In the stage of data communication, the attraction factor model is designed to make the fusion node use mixed transmission mode for inter-cluster data communication, and the Dijkstra algorithm is improved, and a new AF-DK algorithm is proposed to select the optimal path for inter-cluster data transmission, which saves the communication overhead. (2) in addition, there is a problem of low base station data reception rate in CRAH, and the multi-hop transmission mode will cause the node near sink to be overloaded. The energy hole phenomenon in the inner layer network is produced, so the energy hole avoidance algorithm (EASD)., which is a group intelligent optimization and density control algorithm, is proposed. The algorithm establishes a node density decline model according to the perceived data forwarding energy consumption, which ensures that the data forwarding load is shared by the corresponding number of cluster heads and balances the load of each cluster head. In order to search the optimal path of multi-hop data communication between cluster head and base station, the swarm intelligence algorithm is optimized. The context information such as residual energy, position information, transmission distance and pheromone of each neighbor node is added to improve the transfer probability of ant selection of the next hop node. Among them, when the pheromone is updated, combined with the packet reception rate, the energy, path length and path quality are considered synthetically, which improves the reliability of the network forwarding path and solves the problem of low data reception rate of the base station. (3) finally, the simulation results show that the two new algorithms effectively avoid the problem of energy voids and prolong the network life cycle. At the same time, the two new schemes are compared separately in the aspect of data delivery rate, which verifies that EASD further solves the problem of low data reception rate of base station in CRAH and enhances the path reliability.
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP212.9;TN929.5
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，本文編號：2497427
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