本文選題：表面肌電　切入點(diǎn)：負(fù)重方式　出處：《天津科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：人們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪薪?jīng)常需要負(fù)重行走,當(dāng)下人們的主要負(fù)重方式分為以下三類:單肩式背包負(fù)重,雙肩式背包負(fù)重,手提式負(fù)重。人體在較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,較大負(fù)重情況下,相關(guān)肌肉會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同程度的疲勞,而人體肌肉疲勞的累計(jì)則會(huì)進(jìn)一步造成肌肉損傷,因此,針對(duì)人體負(fù)重行走時(shí),在不同負(fù)重方式下相關(guān)肌肉疲勞情況的研究是十分必要的。表面肌電(SEMG)作為一種無(wú)創(chuàng),實(shí)時(shí)的測(cè)量手段,被廣泛的應(yīng)用于肌肉疲勞方面的研究,本文將以此方法為基礎(chǔ),對(duì)不同負(fù)重方式下人體腰背部相關(guān)肌肉的表面肌電信號(hào)特性進(jìn)行研究。采用NORAXON肌電采集系統(tǒng),測(cè)試正常成年人在不同負(fù)重方式下行走時(shí)肩部及腰部肌肉的表面肌電信號(hào),參考之前研究成果,將人體負(fù)重比例確定為--男性為自身體重12%,女性為自身體重8%,行走步速為4. 5km/h,以保證肌肉疲勞產(chǎn)生的合理性,規(guī)律性。實(shí)驗(yàn)需測(cè)試肌肉分別為:肩部肌群包括—三角肌,斜方肌,大菱形肌,岡上肌;腰部肌群包括—背闊肌下緣,豎脊肌中部,豎脊肌下部。實(shí)驗(yàn)要求受試者在坡度為0的情況下以恒定步速在跑步機(jī)上行走30min,從初始階段Omin開(kāi)始,每10min采集一次肌電信號(hào)(Omin,10min,20min,30min),并同時(shí)要求受試者根據(jù)所給出的BORG主觀體力感等級(jí)量表進(jìn)行一次肌肉疲勞的主觀評(píng)價(jià)打分;在坡度為20 (實(shí)驗(yàn)條件受跑步機(jī)限制)的情況下以恒定步速在跑步機(jī)上行走15min,從初始階段開(kāi)始,每5min采集一次肌電信號(hào)(Omin,5min,10min,15min),并同時(shí)要求受試者根據(jù)所給出的BORG主觀體力感等級(jí)量表進(jìn)行一次肌肉疲勞的主觀評(píng)價(jià)打分。通過(guò)NORAXON采集到的數(shù)據(jù),提取肌電信號(hào)的平均肌電值(AEMG)和平均頻率(MF)特征值,然后通過(guò)SPSS對(duì)特征值進(jìn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化處理。以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化后的特征值為基礎(chǔ),進(jìn)行男女差異性分析,并對(duì)各肌肉的發(fā)力及疲勞情況進(jìn)行分析。通過(guò)對(duì)相同步速,相同負(fù)重比例情況下,采用不同的負(fù)重方式行走時(shí)人體肩背部肌肉的肌電信號(hào)采集分析,最終得出男性和女性在完成不同負(fù)重方式及坡度的情況下行走任務(wù)時(shí),肩背部肌肉的疲勞特征是否存在差異性或?qū)ΨQ性,人體左右腰背部肌肉是否存在差異性或?qū)ΨQ性,分析得出男性女性在0°,20°情況下肩背部肌肉的疲勞上限,為不同情況下負(fù)重行走時(shí)選擇合理的負(fù)重方式提供合理化意見(jiàn),避免個(gè)別肌肉因不合理的負(fù)重方式而產(chǎn)生疲勞損傷,同時(shí)也可以為特殊情況下需要負(fù)重行走時(shí)所采用背包的設(shè)計(jì)提供設(shè)計(jì)建議。
[Abstract]:People often need to walk with loads in their daily life. Nowadays, people's main ways of carrying weight are as follows: single shoulder backpack, double shouldered backpack, handheld load. Related muscles produce varying degrees of fatigue, and the accumulation of muscle fatigue in the human body can further cause muscle damage. Therefore, when the human body walks with a load, It is necessary to study the muscle fatigue under different load modes. As a noninvasive and real-time measurement method, SEMG is widely used in the study of muscle fatigue. The surface electromyography (EMG) characteristics of the muscles associated with the waist and back of the human body under different loading modes were studied. The surface electromyography (EMG) signals of shoulder and waist muscles of normal adults walking under different load modes were measured by NORAXON EMG acquisition system. Referring to previous research results, the proportion of body weight to body weight is determined to be 12 for men, 8 for women, and 4.5 km / h for walking, so as to ensure the reasonableness of muscle fatigue. Regularity. The muscles of the experiment were as follows: shoulder muscle group including deltoid muscle, trapezius muscle, rhomboid muscle, supraspinatus muscle, and lumbar muscle group including -latissimus dorsi inferior margin, middle vertical spinal muscle, The subjects were asked to walk on the treadmill at a constant pace for 30 minutes at a gradient of 0, starting from the initial stage of Omin. The electromyography signals were collected every 10 minutes. The subjects were asked to make a subjective evaluation of muscle fatigue according to the BORG subjective physical feeling scale. At a gradient of 20 (the experimental conditions are restricted by the treadmill), walking on the treadmill at a constant pace for 15 minutes, starting at the initial stage, EMG signals were collected every 5 minutes. The subjects were asked to make a subjective evaluation of muscle fatigue according to the BORG subjective physical strength rating scale. The data collected by NORAXON were collected. The average EMG and MFF eigenvalues of EMG were extracted, and then the eigenvalues were standardized by SPSS. Based on the normalized eigenvalues, the differences between men and women were analyzed. At the same time, under the condition of synchronous speed and the same proportion of load, the EMG signals of human shoulder and back muscles are collected and analyzed when walking with different load-bearing methods. Finally, it is concluded that the fatigue characteristics of shoulder and back muscles are different or symmetrical, whether there are differences or symmetries in the left and right back muscles of the human body when they walk with different load modes and slope degrees, and whether there are differences or symmetries in the left and right back muscles of the human body. It is concluded that the upper limit of fatigue of the shoulder and back muscles of male and female at 0 擄to 20 擄provides reasonable advice for choosing reasonable load bearing mode when walking with load under different conditions, so as to avoid fatigue injury of individual muscles due to unreasonable loading mode. At the same time, it can also provide some suggestions for the design of the knapsack used in special circumstances.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN911.7;R318

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