本文選題：車聯(lián)網(wǎng) + 實時定位��； 參考：《北京郵電大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：車聯(lián)網(wǎng)是一種基于人、車、環(huán)境協(xié)同的融合網(wǎng)絡系統(tǒng),其通過信息技術,對人、車、網(wǎng)絡通信及道路交通基礎設施等環(huán)境元素的靜態(tài)／動態(tài)信息進行感知、認知和計算,以解決車聯(lián)網(wǎng)中的協(xié)同通信、資源管理和信息服務的可計算性、可擴展性和可持續(xù)性問題,從而最終實現(xiàn)人、車、環(huán)境的深度融合,以豐富個人汽車生活,提高交通出行效率,改善城市服務水平,降低社會運行成本。 作為車聯(lián)網(wǎng)協(xié)同通信的一個重要研究方向,數(shù)據(jù)傳輸主要通過異構無線網(wǎng)絡進行人、車、環(huán)境(道路、傳感設備、網(wǎng)絡等)之間的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。然而由于車聯(lián)網(wǎng)中網(wǎng)絡環(huán)境的動態(tài)多變、物理環(huán)境的復雜多樣、信息(空間)環(huán)境中數(shù)據(jù)的海量性與稀疏性并存,使得一些傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸技術并不能對車聯(lián)網(wǎng)中的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸提供很好的支持,因此,迫切需要一種數(shù)據(jù)傳輸方法用于保障車聯(lián)網(wǎng)環(huán)境下數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)母咝�、可靠性／穩(wěn)定性。所以,如何在車聯(lián)網(wǎng)環(huán)境下,以一種有效的機制或方法保障數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)目煽啃院透咝?已成為車聯(lián)網(wǎng)協(xié)同通信技術中一個研究熱點。 雖然國內(nèi)外的研究工作取得了一定進展,但在保障車聯(lián)網(wǎng)環(huán)境下數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)目煽啃院透咝匝芯糠矫嫒匀淮嬖诓蛔悖?1)盡管面向數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)囊延熊囕v定位技術能提高網(wǎng)絡接入和分簇路由的效率,但當前車輛定位技術過于依賴GPS,定位方式缺乏靈活性,不能充分發(fā)揮各種定位技術在不同環(huán)境下的定位優(yōu)勢。 2)面向數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)木W(wǎng)間切換策略能夠為數(shù)據(jù)傳輸提供網(wǎng)絡支持,然而單一的網(wǎng)間切換策略既不能滿足車輛的切換要求,也沒有體現(xiàn)用戶對網(wǎng)絡的具體需求。已有的切換策略對網(wǎng)絡相關狀態(tài)和終端運動狀態(tài)多條件下的考慮不充分,并且忽略了車輛的移動性和終端業(yè)務的變更對網(wǎng)絡質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生的負面影響,導致網(wǎng)絡穩(wěn)定性急劇下降。 3)車聯(lián)網(wǎng)中接入點的安全性通常能夠為數(shù)據(jù)傳輸提供可靠性保障,但由于車聯(lián)網(wǎng)的開放性,眾多的陌生節(jié)點,導致現(xiàn)有的安全策略難以有效支持大規(guī)模、高移動性的節(jié)點數(shù)量,這使得車聯(lián)網(wǎng)的安全接入和數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)目煽啃噪y以得到保障。 4)車聯(lián)網(wǎng)中多徑路由在節(jié)點緩存能力、帶寬以及長度上各異,導致數(shù)據(jù)包次序混亂,重傳失效,而低效率的重傳將導致網(wǎng)絡容量的浪費,增加了端到端時延,這將在很大程度上影響數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)男?尤其較小的數(shù)據(jù)誤差被大幅度的放大,將進一步降低數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)男省?為此,針對上述問題,本論文以車聯(lián)網(wǎng)環(huán)境中的網(wǎng)絡接入為立足點,以實時定位、垂直切換、安全接入等研究為突破點,以分簇協(xié)同通信為呈現(xiàn)點,圍繞車聯(lián)網(wǎng)環(huán)境中的高效數(shù)據(jù)傳輸機制進行了深入研究,取得了以下研究成果： 1)提出基于可變重要度的車輛實時定位方法。針對多徑衰落,陰影效應,定位基站部署不足等影響導致的定位精確度低下問題,提出了一種基于可變重要度的車輛定位方法。該方法首先,通過定位技術相應的誤差度確定位置的覆蓋區(qū)域,然后,根據(jù)知識庫下的重要度方法分析計算出每個定位技術位置域的重要度,并以重要度的變化作為反饋來優(yōu)化定位技術的誤差度,最后,以位置域的重要度作為復合位置域的權值,加權平均出目標位置。實驗結果表明,該方法能夠在滿足定位實時性的同時,提高定位的準確度。 2)提出基于認知自選擇決策樹的垂直切換方法。針對網(wǎng)絡選擇多樣性導致的網(wǎng)絡穩(wěn)定性和服務質(zhì)量低下的問題,提出了一種基于認知自選擇決策樹的垂直切換方法。該方法通過車輛位置信息構建了多屬性的車輛切換概率分布,并根據(jù)車輛用戶對網(wǎng)絡的偏好類型,提出了用戶自選擇切換決策樹算法。實驗結果表明,該方法能有效地滿足車輛在異構無線網(wǎng)絡間的切換和服質(zhì)量需求。 3)提出了一種車聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入安全認證方法。針對非安全接入點導致的車聯(lián)網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸可靠性下降的問題,提出一種車聯(lián)網(wǎng)多級安全認證方法。該方法首先采用基于哈希加密認證的RFID電子車牌進行車輛的身份認證,在確認車輛身份合法的基礎上對車輛進行安全信任評估認證。安全信任評估包含直接信任評估和間接信任評估,直接信任評估主要通過服務端參考歷史安全度進行信任評估,間接信任評估則通過組網(wǎng)內(nèi)節(jié)點推薦信任進行信任評估。安全認證方法提供了身份認證,接入組網(wǎng)認證以及組網(wǎng)接納認證。仿真實驗表明所提的信任評估方法能有效地對非安全車輛節(jié)點進行區(qū)分,保障接入節(jié)點的安全性。 4)提出了一種基于車聯(lián)網(wǎng)分簇路由的多徑傳輸方法。針對車聯(lián)網(wǎng)拓撲變化快,多徑干擾導致數(shù)據(jù)傳輸效率低下的問題,提出一種基于分簇協(xié)同的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸方法,該方法根據(jù)車輛運動趨勢建立車聯(lián)網(wǎng)分簇模型,在分簇的基礎上根據(jù)有向圖尋路方式發(fā)現(xiàn)簇與簇之間的路徑,提高了多徑路由的效率和網(wǎng)絡的穩(wěn)定性。在此基礎上為提高數(shù)據(jù)傳輸效率,提出了基于網(wǎng)絡編碼的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸算法,對數(shù)據(jù)進行編碼,重編碼和解碼操作。仿真實驗表明,該方法在提高分簇穩(wěn)定性的基礎上提高了多徑路由下數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)男省?br/>[Abstract]:The vehicle network is a kind of integrated network system based on human, car and environment. It can perceive, recognize and calculate the static / dynamic information of environment elements such as human, car, network communication and road traffic infrastructure, which can solve the computability and extensibility of resource management and information service through information technology. And sustainability issues, in order to achieve the ultimate integration of people, cars and environment, to enrich individual car life, improve transportation efficiency, improve the service level of the city, and reduce the cost of social operation.
As an important research direction in the collaborative communication of vehicle networking, data transmission is transmitted mainly through heterogeneous wireless networks for human, vehicle, environment (road, sensor equipment, network, etc.). However, because of the dynamic changes in the network environment in the network of vehicles, the complexity of the physical environment and the mass and dilute of the data in the information (space) environment The coexistence of sparse data makes some traditional data transmission techniques do not provide good support for data transmission in the network of vehicles. Therefore, a data transmission method is urgently needed to ensure the efficiency, reliability and stability of data transmission under the environment of the vehicle network. To ensure the reliability and efficiency of data transmission, the method has become a research hotspot in the cooperative communication technology of vehicle networking.
Although some progress has been made in the research work at home and abroad, there are still shortcomings in the research of reliability and efficiency of data transmission under the network environment.
1) although the existing vehicle positioning technology facing data transmission can improve the efficiency of network access and cluster routing, the current vehicle positioning technology is too dependent on GPS, and the positioning mode is lack of flexibility, and it can not give full play to the positioning advantages of various positioning technologies under different environments.
2) the inter network switching strategy for data transmission can provide network support for data transmission. However, a single Internet switching strategy can neither meet the switching requirements of the vehicle nor reflect the specific requirements of the user on the network. The existing handover strategy is not fully considered for the multiple conditions of the network related state and the terminal movement state. Ignoring the negative effects of vehicle mobility and terminal business changes on network quality, the network stability has dropped dramatically.
3) the security of access points in the vehicle network usually provides reliability guarantee for data transmission. However, because of the openness of the Internet of vehicles, many unfamiliar nodes, resulting in the existing security strategies, are difficult to effectively support large scale and high mobility nodes, which makes the reliability of the safe access to the network and the reliability of the data transmission difficult to be guaranteed.
4) the multipath routing in the Internet of vehicles varies with the node caching capability, bandwidth and length, which leads to the chaotic sequence of data packets and retransmission failure, and the low efficiency retransmission will lead to the waste of network capacity and increase the end to end delay. This will greatly affect the efficiency of data transmission, especially the small data error is greatly enlarged. Further reduce the efficiency of data transmission.
Therefore, in view of the above problems, this paper takes the network access in the environment of the car network as the foothold, taking real-time positioning, vertical handover and secure access as the breakthrough point, taking cluster cooperative communication as the presentation point, focusing on the efficient data transmission mechanism in the vehicle network environment, and obtains the following research results:
1) a vehicle real-time positioning method based on variable importance is proposed. A vehicle location method based on variable importance is proposed to solve the problem of low positioning accuracy caused by the influence of multi-path fading, shadow effect and the lack of location of the base station. This method first determines the coverage area of the position by the corresponding error degree of the positioning technique. Then, according to the importance degree method under the knowledge base, the importance of each location technology position domain is analyzed and calculated, and the error degree of the positioning technology is optimized by the change of the importance degree. Finally, the importance of the position domain is taken as the weight value of the compound location domain, and the weighted average of the target position is weighted. The experimental results show that the method can be full. Foot positioning is real-time while improving positioning accuracy.
2) a vertical handoff method based on cognitive self selection decision tree is proposed. A vertical handoff method based on cognitive self selection decision tree is proposed to solve the problem of network stability and low service quality caused by network selection diversity. This method constructs a multi attribute vehicle switching probability distribution through vehicle location information, and it is based on the method of vehicle location information. The user self selection switching decision tree algorithm is proposed by the user's preference type for the network. The experimental results show that the method can effectively meet the switching and service quality requirements of vehicles in heterogeneous wireless networks.
3) a security authentication method for vehicle networking access is proposed. A multilevel security authentication method for vehicle networking is proposed to reduce the reliability of the vehicle network data transmission caused by unsafe access points. This method first uses the RFID electronic license plate based on Hash encryption authentication to authenticated the vehicle, and confirms the legal status of the vehicle. On the basis of the security trust assessment authentication of vehicles, the security trust assessment includes direct trust assessment and indirect trust assessment, and direct trust evaluation mainly evaluates the trust through the service end reference history security, and the indirect trust evaluation is evaluated through the recommendation of the nodes in the network. The security authentication method provides the identity. The simulation experiment shows that the proposed trust evaluation method can effectively distinguish the non safe vehicle nodes and ensure the security of the access nodes.
4) a multipath transmission method based on cluster routing is proposed. In view of the fast change of topology and the low efficiency of multipath interference, a data transmission method based on cluster coordination is proposed. The method is based on the trend of vehicle movement to establish the cluster model of the vehicle network, and based on the clustering, the directed graph is based on the clustering. The path finding between clusters and clusters is found to improve the efficiency of multipath routing and the stability of the network. On the basis of this, a data transmission algorithm based on network coding is proposed to improve the efficiency of data transmission, and the data are coded, encoded and decoded. The simulation experiment shows that the method is based on improving the stability of clustering. The efficiency of data transmission under multipath routing is improved.
【學位授予單位】：北京郵電大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP391.44;TN929.5

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