【摘要】：溫度是影響大口徑天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡高分辨力成像質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵因素之一。當(dāng)環(huán)境溫度快速變化時(shí)，在溫度差的作用下望遠(yuǎn)鏡主鏡與環(huán)境空氣之間發(fā)生熱量交換。導(dǎo)致主鏡表面空氣的對(duì)流擾動(dòng)，形成主鏡視寧度現(xiàn)象對(duì)成像質(zhì)量造成嚴(yán)重影響。減小主鏡視寧度對(duì)望遠(yuǎn)鏡高分辨力成像質(zhì)量的影響是本文研究的主要目的。 根據(jù)主鏡視寧度產(chǎn)生的物理機(jī)理，目前對(duì)主鏡視寧度控制的常用方法主要有兩種：一種方法是控制主鏡自身的溫度，使主鏡反射表面與環(huán)境空氣溫度差維持在一定范圍內(nèi)；另外一種方法是在平行于主鏡前表面的方向吹風(fēng)，用一層薄薄的均勻流動(dòng)的“氣刀”將主鏡視寧度擾動(dòng)撫平。 本文通過溫度場(chǎng)的計(jì)算，結(jié)合國(guó)外主鏡視寧度計(jì)算經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式，分別對(duì)實(shí)心鏡面和蜂窩鏡面主鏡視寧度現(xiàn)象的定量計(jì)算和改善效果進(jìn)行了研究。運(yùn)用溫度場(chǎng)理論對(duì)實(shí)心鏡面主鏡視寧度及“氣刀”改善效果進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的研究。提出了一種靈活多變、可操作性強(qiáng)的蜂窩鏡面溫度控制方案。提出了用于大口徑蜂窩鏡面溫度控制研究的單蜂窩單元假設(shè)。以四米蜂窩鏡面為例，，運(yùn)用計(jì)算流體動(dòng)力學(xué)方法和有限元方法對(duì)蜂窩鏡面溫度場(chǎng)和熱變形進(jìn)行了計(jì)算。從主鏡視寧度和熱變形兩個(gè)方面對(duì)四米蜂窩鏡面溫度控制效果進(jìn)行了分析。對(duì)四米蜂窩鏡面溫度控制具體工程問題進(jìn)行了研究。建立“氣刀”流場(chǎng)模型，對(duì)氣刀流場(chǎng)特性及其引入的光學(xué)像差進(jìn)行了計(jì)算。 通過本論文的研究，摸索出一整套用于主鏡視寧度和溫度控制研究的技術(shù)路線。為我國(guó)未來研制更大口徑高分辨力成像望遠(yuǎn)鏡在主鏡溫度控制方面奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Temperature is one of the key factors affecting the high resolution imaging quality of large aperture astronomical telescope. When ambient temperature changes rapidly, heat exchange occurs between telescope primary mirror and ambient air under the action of temperature difference. As a result of the convection disturbance of the air on the primary mirror surface, the primary mirror apparent Ning phenomenon has a serious impact on the imaging quality. The main purpose of this paper is to reduce the influence of the primary mirror apparent intensity on the high resolution imaging quality of the telescope. According to the physical mechanism of primary mirror apparent Ning degree, there are two main methods to control primary mirror apparent Ning degree: one is to control the temperature of primary mirror itself, so that the temperature difference between primary mirror reflection surface and ambient air can be maintained within a certain range; Another method is to blow in a direction parallel to the front surface of the main mirror, and smooth the apparent noise of the primary mirror with a thin uniform flow "air knife". Based on the calculation of temperature field and the empirical formulas for the calculation of the apparent degree of the primary mirror in foreign countries, the quantitative calculation and improvement effect of the phenomenon of the apparent Ning degree of the solid mirror and the honeycomb primary mirror are studied respectively in this paper. Based on the theory of temperature field, the improvement effect of solid mirror primary mirror and the effect of "air knife" are studied in detail. A flexible and operable temperature control scheme for honeycomb mirror is proposed. A single honeycomb element hypothesis for the study of large aperture honeycomb mirror surface temperature control is presented. Taking the four-meter honeycomb mirror as an example, the temperature field and thermal deformation of the honeycomb mirror are calculated by using the computational fluid dynamics method and the finite element method. The temperature control effect of the four-meter honeycomb mirror is analyzed from the aspects of apparent degree and thermal deformation of the primary mirror. The specific engineering problems of temperature control for four-meter honeycomb mirror surface are studied. The flow field characteristics and optical aberration of the pneumatic knife are calculated. Based on the research of this thesis, a set of technical routes for the study of primary mirror apparent Ning and temperature control have been found out. It lays a solid foundation for the development of large aperture high resolution imaging telescope in the field of primary mirror temperature control in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院（光電技術(shù)研究所）
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TH751

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