【摘要】：大壩安全監(jiān)測是了解大壩運行狀態(tài)和安全狀況的有效手段和方法,是一個包括由獲取各種環(huán)境、水文、結(jié)構(gòu)、安全信息到經(jīng)過識別、計算、判斷等步驟,最終給出一個大壩安全程度的全過程。 本文依據(jù)余姚市雙溪口水庫大壩安全監(jiān)測項目,詳細(xì)闡述面板堆石壩安全監(jiān)測的監(jiān)測布置、儀器選型、安裝和觀測方法以及觀測結(jié)果數(shù)據(jù)分析,主要結(jié)論有： 應(yīng)變計在壩體填筑前監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)穩(wěn)定,隨著大壩的填筑,由于壩體加載的影響,數(shù)據(jù)出現(xiàn)一定幅度的變化,水庫蓄水后,隨著庫水位的上升,防滲墻各應(yīng)變計呈現(xiàn)向壓應(yīng)力變化的趨勢。 蓄水前,固定式測斜儀由于壩體堆載的影響,呈向上游位移的狀態(tài),但位移量在允許范圍內(nèi),位移無突變情況,隨時間變化曲線比較平穩(wěn)。蓄水后,隨庫水位的上升,各測點有向下游位移的趨勢,最大位移量1.7cm,在正常范圍內(nèi)。 滲壓計埋設(shè)后,水庫蓄水前,滲壓計水位主要受降雨的影響,蓄水后,隨著庫水位的上升,除靠近防滲墻下游側(cè)滲壓計水位及位勢有一定程度的增加,其余測點變幅較小,同時,滲流計算表明壩基不存在滲透穩(wěn)定問題。 各測壓管水位主要受降雨影響,同時在庫水位一樣但時間相隔一年多的情況,相應(yīng)的測壓管水位無上升趨勢。 雖然防滲墻應(yīng)變監(jiān)測結(jié)果顯示施工期拉應(yīng)力超出有限元理論計算值,但滲壓計及測壓管監(jiān)測資料分析表明防滲墻的防滲性能較好,未出現(xiàn)異常情況。 水管式沉降儀各測點總的沉降量絕大部分發(fā)生在施工期,累積沉降量占壩高的百分?jǐn)?shù),最大值為0.94%。水庫蓄水后,由于庫水壓力及壩體堆石蠕變的共同作用,部分測點沉降量增加,在正常范圍內(nèi)。目前所有測點沉降均處于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。 引張式水平位移計在施工期靠近上游側(cè)的測點向上游位移,下游側(cè)測點向下游位移,蓄水位后,各測點呈向下游位移的趨勢。 三向測縫計受庫水壓力作用,與庫水位有一定的相關(guān)性,在三個方向的變形均有所增加；雙向測縫計的接縫受庫水壓力的作用,但與庫水位的相關(guān)性很��；單向測縫計的接縫變化主要受外界氣溫影響。
[Abstract]:Dam safety monitoring is an effective means and method to understand the operation state and safety condition of the dam. It is a whole process from obtaining all kinds of environment, hydrological, structure, safety information to identification, calculation, judgment and so on, and finally gives a whole process of dam safety degree. According to the dam safety monitoring project of Shuangxikou Reservoir in Yuyao City, this paper expounds in detail the monitoring arrangement, instrument selection, installation and observation method and observation data analysis of face rockfill dam. The main conclusions are as follows: the monitoring data of strain gauge is stable before dam filling. With the filling of dam, due to the influence of dam loading, the data changes to a certain extent after reservoir impoundment. With the increase of reservoir water level, each strain gauge of impervious wall tends to change to compressive stress. Before water storage, the fixed inclinometer is in the state of upstream displacement due to the influence of the overloading of the dam body, but the displacement is within the allowable range, and the displacement is not abrupt, and the curve is stable with time. After water storage, with the increase of reservoir water level, each measuring point has a trend of downstream displacement, and the maximum displacement is 1.7 cm, which is in the normal range. After the seepage meter is buried, the water level of the seepage meter is mainly affected by rainfall before the reservoir impoundment. With the increase of the reservoir water level, the water level and potential of the seepage meter near the downstream side of the cutoff wall increase to a certain extent, but the variation of the other measuring points is small. At the same time, the seepage calculation shows that there is no seepage stability problem in the dam foundation. The water level of each pressure measuring pipe is mainly affected by rainfall. At the same time, when the reservoir water level is the same but the time interval is more than one year, the corresponding pressure pipe water level has no upward trend. Although the strain monitoring results of the impervious wall show that the tensile stress during the construction period exceeds the calculated value of the finite element theory, the analysis of the monitoring data of the seepage gauge and the pressure measuring tube shows that the impermeable performance of the impervious wall is good and there is no abnormal situation. Most of the total settlement of each measuring point of the water pipe settler occurred during the construction period, and the cumulative settlement accounted for the percentage of the dam height, and the maximum value was 0.94%. After reservoir impoundment, due to the joint action of reservoir water pressure and rockfill creep of dam body, the settlement of some measuring points increases, which is within the normal range. At present, the settlement of all measuring points is in a stable state. During the construction period, the displacement of the measuring point near the upstream side is upstream, and that of the downstream side is downstream. After the water level is stored, each measuring point shows the trend of downstream displacement. The three-way seam gauge is affected by the reservoir water pressure and has a certain correlation with the reservoir water level, and the deformation in all three directions is increased. The joint of the bidirectional seam meter is affected by the reservoir water pressure, but the correlation with the reservoir water level is very small, and the seam change of the one-way seam meter is mainly affected by the external air temperature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV698.1

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