發(fā)布時間：2019-06-25 12:11

【摘要】：由于全球氣候變化和不斷增加的人類活動已經(jīng)影響到全球河流,最近人們對有關(guān)河流入海泥沙和水流量的問題越來越關(guān)注。反過來,通過河流的輸送,海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)變的越來越脆弱。從這個角度來看,本研究以沿海河流—九龍江為研究區(qū)域為例,評估在河道上筑壩對水流量和泥沙量變化所帶來的影響。 利用建壩前后長期對水流量和懸浮沉積物的監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)合6個月(從2013年11月至2014年4月)在九龍江代表站位——西陂庫區(qū),野外采樣獲取的短期懸浮沉積物的數(shù)據(jù),應(yīng)用簡單線性回歸可以發(fā)現(xiàn)二者的長期變化趨勢。根據(jù)本研究的估計,從建壩前到建壩后,水流量減少了7.9%,泥沙量增加了24%。相比于建壩前水流量和泥沙量的平均值分別是83.9×108m3/a和6.42105Kg/a,建壩后二者平均值的分別是83.7×108m3/a和8.02×105Kg/a。相比于建壩后,建壩前的干季(比如十月份到第二年的四月份)數(shù)據(jù)顯示有較高的泥沙量和較低的水流量。庫區(qū)的懸浮沉積物的量隨著水深的增加和壩前距離的減小而增加。水流量和泥沙量的長期變化趨勢也可能部分受到其他因素的影響,比如九龍江流域的人口數(shù)量增加、水土保育措施的失敗、農(nóng)業(yè)用地、土壤類型、森林覆蓋率的改變等。這些變化導(dǎo)致了各種各樣的后果,比如水質(zhì)的變化、營養(yǎng)鹽濃度的增加、水體分層、入海泥沙量的變化、微量金屬的分布以及潛在的富營養(yǎng)化,在本研究看來,導(dǎo)致這些后果的部分原因可歸因于水流量和泥沙量的變化。我們可以針對河流提出適當?shù)墓芾斫ㄗh,類似的研究應(yīng)該推廣到底沙。 對于九龍江綜合一體的流域管理,我們應(yīng)擴展由建壩引起的環(huán)保流的研究評估。
[Abstract]:As global climate change and increasing human activities have affected global rivers, more and more attention has been paid to the problem of sediment and water flow into the sea recently. In turn, through the transport of rivers, marine ecosystems become more and more vulnerable. From this point of view, taking the coastal river-Jiulong River as an example, this study evaluates the influence of dam construction on the change of water flow and sediment volume. Based on the long-term monitoring data of water flow and suspended sediments before and after dam construction, combined with the short-term suspended sediment data obtained by field sampling in Xipi Reservoir area, which is the representative station of Jiulong River from November 2013 to April 2014, the long-term variation trend of the two can be found by simple linear regression. According to the estimate of this study, from before and after dam construction, the water flow decreased by 7.9% and the amount of mud and sediment increased by 24%. Compared with the average values of 83.9 脳 108m3/a and 6.42105 kg / a before dam construction, the average values of water flow and sediment volume after dam construction are 83.7 脳 108m3/a and 8.02 脳 105 kg / a, respectively. Data from the dry season before the construction of the dam, such as April from October to the second year, show a higher amount of mud and sediment and a lower flow of water than after the dam was built. The amount of suspended sediment in the reservoir area increases with the increase of water depth and the decrease of the distance before the dam. The long-term changing trend of water flow and sediment volume may also be partly affected by other factors, such as the increase of population in Jiulong River Basin, the failure of soil and water conservation measures, the change of agricultural land, soil type, forest cover and so on. These changes lead to a variety of consequences, such as the change of water quality, the increase of nutrient concentration, the stratification of water body, the change of sediment content into the sea, the distribution of trace metals and potential eutrophication. In this study, some of the reasons for these consequences can be attributed to the change of water flow and sediment volume. We can put forward appropriate management suggestions for rivers, and similar research should be popularized to the end. For the integrated watershed management of Jiulong River, we should expand the research and evaluation of environmental protection flow caused by dam construction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廈門大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV12;TV14

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本文編號：2505676