發(fā)布時間：2019-05-11 17:54

【摘要】：抽水蓄能電站因其具有調頻調相、調峰填谷、事故備用等作用，已逐漸成為現(xiàn)代電網(wǎng)的一種靈活調控方式。抽水蓄能電站可工作在發(fā)電及電動兩種狀態(tài)：在發(fā)電工況時，水輪機帶動發(fā)電機運轉發(fā)電，將勢能轉換成電能；在電動工況時，電動機帶動水泵，將下游處的水抽取到上游以勢能的方式貯存電能。抽水蓄能機組的運行狀態(tài)復雜，在電動工況運行時由于機組容量及慣量大等原因，控制機組同步起動成為了一個控制難點。本文對利用無傳感器位置檢測控制技術的SCR(晶閘管)靜止變頻器進行研究，深入分析了SCR靜止變頻器的控制策略，并利用仿真及實驗平臺對采用SCR靜止變頻器起動同步電動機進行了驗證。 首先，對SCR靜止變頻器的原理進行了研究，分析了SCR靜止變頻器各拓撲結構的優(yōu)缺點，詳細敘述了SCR靜止變頻器反電勢自然換相和斷續(xù)換相的工作原理，同時分析了兩種換相方式的切換方法以及SCR靜止變頻器運行各階段的控制策略并討論了SCR靜止變頻調速系統(tǒng)的調速特性。 其次，在同步電動機七階數(shù)學模型的基礎上，進行了簡化處理，建立了同步電動機五階數(shù)學模型，并利用Matlab/simulink對所建模型進行了仿真；利用所建電機模型，對SCR靜止變頻器采用無位置檢測方式對機組進行起動各階段進行了數(shù)學建模及仿真，對機組各起動階段的運行狀況進行了仿真驗證。 最后，由于機組在低速階段采用的是斷續(xù)換相方式，導致機端含有大量諧波，影響轉子位置的計算精度，為此本文對低通磁鏈觀測器進行了研究。在詳細分析了傳統(tǒng)磁鏈觀測器工作原理的基礎之上，對其進行了改進，提出了一種基于低通磁鏈觀測器的機組低速運行階段轉子位置計算方法，并通過仿真及實驗對該方法進行了有效驗證。 為模擬抽水蓄能機組的電動工況，本文以10kW同步電機為控制對象搭建了實驗平臺。對抽水蓄能機組各起動階段均進行了驗證，，實驗結果表明初始階段位置檢測較準確，相位差小于5°，通電0.5~5Hz階段能夠滿足在實際工況中機組的起動要求，斷續(xù)換相及反電勢自然換可實現(xiàn)平穩(wěn)切換。
[Abstract]:Pumped storage power station has gradually become a flexible control mode of modern power grid because of its function of frequency modulation and phase modulation, peak regulation and valley filling, accident standby and so on. Pumped storage power station can work in both power generation and electric state: in the power generation condition, the turbine drives the generator to run to generate electricity, and the potential energy is converted into electric energy; In the electric condition, the motor drives the pump and draws the downstream water to the upstream to store the electric energy in the way of potential energy. The operation state of pumped storage unit is complex. Due to the large capacity and inertia of the unit under electric condition, synchronous starting of the control unit has become a control difficulty. In this paper, the SCR (thyristor) static frequency converter based on sensorless position detection and control technology is studied, and the control strategy of SCR static frequency converter is deeply analyzed. The synchronous motor started by SCR static frequency converter is verified by simulation and experimental platform. Firstly, the principle of SCR static inverter is studied, the advantages and disadvantages of each topology of SCR static inverter are analyzed, and the working principle of back EMF natural commutation and intermittent commutation of SCR static inverter is described in detail. At the same time, the switching methods of two commutation modes and the control strategy of every stage of SCR static frequency converter are analyzed, and the speed regulation characteristics of SCR static frequency conversion speed regulation system are discussed. Secondly, on the basis of the seventh-order mathematical model of synchronous motor, the fifth-order mathematical model of synchronous motor is established, and the model is simulated by Matlab/simulink. By using the established motor model, the mathematical modeling and simulation of the starting stage of the unit are carried out by using the non-position detecting mode of the SCR static frequency converter, and the running condition of each starting stage of the unit is simulated and verified. Finally, because the unit adopts intermittent commutation in the low-speed phase, which results in a large number of harmonics at the machine end, which affects the accuracy of rotor position calculation. Therefore, the low-flux observer is studied in this paper. Based on the detailed analysis of the working principle of the traditional flux observer, a low-flux observer-based rotor position calculation method for the low-speed operation stage of the unit is proposed. The method is verified by simulation and experiment. In order to simulate the electric working condition of pumped storage unit, the experimental platform of 10kW synchronous motor is set up in this paper. The experimental results show that the position detection in the initial stage is accurate, the phase difference is less than 5 擄, and the electrified 0.5~5Hz stage can meet the starting requirements of the unit in the actual working condition. Intermittent phase switching and back EMF natural switching can achieve smooth switching.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV743;TV736

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