【摘要】：土地利用變化是引起河川徑流變化的一個重要因素，，人類對流域內(nèi)土地的不同利用方式將導(dǎo)致下墊面也發(fā)生變化，進(jìn)而引起流域的水文循環(huán)系統(tǒng)也發(fā)生改變。研究汾河水庫流域土地利用變化及其對汾河徑流的影響，對當(dāng)?shù)厮Y源的規(guī)劃、管理、保護(hù)以及社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文依托“十二五”國家科技支撐計劃項目第4子課題之專題7“汾河入黃徑流銳減原因分析”（2012BAB02B0407），通過研究汾河水庫流域土地利用變化及其對汾河徑流的影響，來說明汾河徑流變化的原因以及土地利用變化對汾河徑流變化的貢獻(xiàn)率。主要研究內(nèi)容及成果如下： （1）基于GIS技術(shù)，應(yīng)用面積變化法及土地利用空間轉(zhuǎn)換移矩陣分析法，分析了汾河水庫流域的土地利用變化情況；采用Kendall秩次相關(guān)檢驗(yàn)及Spearman秩次相關(guān)檢驗(yàn)等方法，分析了汾河水庫流域氣象水文的變化情況。結(jié)果表明：汾河水庫流域土地利用情況發(fā)生了明顯的規(guī)律性變化。其中耕地、林地、草地及水域面積均有不同程度減少，且減少趨勢逐漸增強(qiáng)；草地面積基本沒有變化；城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)用地大幅增加。另外，汾河水庫流域氣象水文要素也發(fā)生了明顯的變化，流域內(nèi)的降雨、徑流、風(fēng)速、露點(diǎn)溫度及太陽輻射都呈現(xiàn)減少趨勢，平均氣溫與相對濕度呈現(xiàn)增大趨勢。 （2）對收集到的氣象水文、DEM、土地利用、土壤類型等資料進(jìn)行整理轉(zhuǎn)換，建立SWAT模型數(shù)據(jù)庫；在此基礎(chǔ)上通過數(shù)據(jù)輸入、初步模擬、參數(shù)敏感性分析、模型校準(zhǔn)及模型驗(yàn)證等步驟，完成汾河水庫流域SWAT模型的建立。 （3）基于SWAT水文模型以及水量平衡原理，利用汾河水庫流域1970年、1990年、2000年、2005年及2010年5期土地利用數(shù)據(jù)，分析了汾河水庫流域土地利用變化對汾河徑流量、徑流年內(nèi)分配的影響，以及土地利用變化對汾河徑流變化的貢獻(xiàn)率。根據(jù)汾河水庫流域土地利用變化分析結(jié)果劃分1961~1985年及1985~2010年分別為流域下墊面環(huán)境變化的自然期和變化期。在以自然期數(shù)據(jù)建立的模型的基礎(chǔ)上，通過控制單一變量（氣象、土地利用等）代換分別分析在變化期相對于自然期因土地利用變化引起的徑流變化情況。
[Abstract]:Land use change is an important factor that causes river runoff change. The different land use patterns in the watershed will lead to the change of the underlying surface and the hydrological circulation system of the basin. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the land use change in Fenhe reservoir basin and its influence on the runoff of Fenhe River. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to the planning, management, protection of local water resources and the sustainable development of social economy. Based on theme 7 of the fourth sub-topic of the 12th five-year Plan of State Science and Technology support Plan, "Analysis of the causes of sharp reduction of runoff from Fenhe River into the Yellow River" (2012BAB02B0407), this paper studies the land use change in Fenhe reservoir basin and its impact on Fenhe runoff. This paper explains the reason of the runoff change of Fenhe River and the contribution rate of land use change to the runoff change of Fenhe River. The main research contents and achievements are as follows: (1) based on GIS technology, the land use change of Fenhe reservoir basin is analyzed by using area change method and land use spatial transformation matrix analysis method; By means of Kendall rank correlation test and Spearman rank correlation test, the variation of meteorological hydrology in Fenhe reservoir basin is analyzed. The results show that the land use of Fenhe reservoir basin has changed regularly. The area of cultivated land, forest land, grassland and water area decreased to some extent, and the decreasing trend gradually increased; the grassland area basically did not change; the urban construction land increased greatly. In addition, the meteorological and hydrological factors of Fenhe reservoir basin also changed obviously. The rainfall, runoff, wind speed, dew point temperature and solar radiation in the basin all showed a decreasing trend, and the average air temperature and relative humidity showed an increasing trend. (2) the data collected from meteorological hydrology, DEM, land use, soil type and so on were processed and transformed, and the SWAT model database was established. On this basis, through data input, preliminary simulation, parameter sensitivity analysis, model calibration and model verification, the establishment of SWAT model of Fenhe reservoir basin was completed. (3) based on the SWAT hydrological model and the principle of water balance, the land use data of Fenhe Reservoir Basin in 1970, 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2010 were used to analyze the runoff of Fenhe River from land use change in Fenhe Reservoir Basin. The influence of runoff distribution during the year and the contribution rate of land use change to the runoff change of Fenhe River. According to the analysis results of land use change in Fenhe reservoir basin, the natural period and the period of change of the underlying surface environment were divided into 1961 ~ 1985 and 1985 ~ 2010, respectively. Based on the model based on natural period data, the runoff change caused by land use change during the period of change is analyzed by controlling the single variable (weather, land use, etc.) substitution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV121

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 周鳳岐,崔敬波,趙松濤;土地利用變化對流域水資源的影響[J];東北水利水電;2005年06期

2 何固心;美國森林植被對河川徑流量影響的研究[J];地理譯報;1986年01期

3 劉昌明,鐘駿襄;黃土高原森林對年徑流影響的初步分析[J];地理學(xué)報;1978年02期

4 鄧慧平,李秀彬,陳軍鋒,張明,萬洪濤;流域土地覆被變化水文效應(yīng)的模擬——以長江上游源頭區(qū)梭磨河為例[J];地理學(xué)報;2003年01期

5 王曉嬌;陳英;齊鵬;張仁陟;;土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)動態(tài)演變及預(yù)測研究——以張掖市為例[J];干旱區(qū)資源與環(huán)境;2012年04期

6 阿迪力·吐爾干;吐爾孫·哈斯木;楊家軍;阿不力提甫·吾甫爾;;土地利用與土地覆被變化下的河流水文效應(yīng)分析——以塔里木河流域?yàn)槔齕J];安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2013年05期

7 胡連伍;王學(xué)軍;羅定貴;蔣穎;;不同子流域劃分對流域徑流、泥沙、營養(yǎng)物模擬的影響——豐樂河流域個例研究[J];水科學(xué)進(jìn)展;2007年02期

8 陳強(qiáng);茍思;秦大庸;周祖昊;;一種高效的SWAT模型參數(shù)自動率定方法[J];水利學(xué)報;2010年01期

9 穆興民,王文龍,徐學(xué)選;黃土高塬溝壑區(qū)水土保持對小流域地表徑流的影響[J];水利學(xué)報;1999年02期

10 于磊;朱新軍;;基于SWAT的中尺度流域土地利用變化水文響應(yīng)模擬研究[J];水土保持研究;2007年04期

本文編號：2448346