【摘要】：隨著缺水地區(qū)供需矛盾的增長，大規(guī)模、長距離、跨流域調(diào)水工程的興建越來越多，而由于輸水管線長而且起伏變化復(fù)雜，在管道內(nèi)很容易發(fā)生復(fù)雜的水力瞬變現(xiàn)象（水錘）。水力過渡過程現(xiàn)象持續(xù)的時間雖然短暫，但它往往會造成嚴(yán)重的工程事故，嚴(yán)重影響取水輸水工程的正常運(yùn)行和人民生命財產(chǎn)的安全。 西安市輞川河引水李家河水庫工程由水庫樞紐工程和輸水工程兩大部分組成，為減小末端管道壓力并有效進(jìn)行水錘防護(hù)，計劃在李家河北干線樁號為27+602.6及樁號29+366.8處各設(shè)一處1000m3的調(diào)節(jié)池進(jìn)行分段降壓。根據(jù)實(shí)際運(yùn)行工況，針對2號調(diào)節(jié)池提出三種優(yōu)化消能方案（大閘閥矩形調(diào)節(jié)池、小閘閥矩形調(diào)節(jié)池、小閘閥圓形調(diào)節(jié)池）。 研究結(jié)果表明，在矩形調(diào)節(jié)池內(nèi)無水墊情況下，射流會沖擊調(diào)節(jié)池首部底板，對底板安全造成威脅。因此大閘閥方案在首次運(yùn)行時，應(yīng)首先采用Q1.0m3/s的管道流量對調(diào)節(jié)池進(jìn)行充水，當(dāng)充水深度大于2.2m時再逐漸增大至設(shè)計流量；小閘閥方案首次運(yùn)行采用Q0.5m3/s的管道流量對調(diào)節(jié)池進(jìn)行充水，當(dāng)充水深度大于2.0m時再逐漸增大至設(shè)計流量。當(dāng)池內(nèi)水位較低時，采用圓形調(diào)節(jié)池射流會沖擊到閘房進(jìn)口處的池壁，因此圓池方案初次運(yùn)行時，應(yīng)采用Q0.5m3/s的管道流量對調(diào)節(jié)池進(jìn)行充水，沖水深度宜大于2.0m。 在設(shè)計流量時，閘閥開度較小，三種設(shè)計方案的閘閥與調(diào)節(jié)池之間輸水管道局部均存在負(fù)壓，但其負(fù)壓值較小，管道內(nèi)平均流速小于30m/s，，根據(jù)規(guī)范要求可不做摻氣處理。圓形調(diào)節(jié)池和矩形調(diào)節(jié)池從水力學(xué)角度均能滿足設(shè)計要求，建議設(shè)計根據(jù)現(xiàn)場實(shí)際條件并結(jié)合試驗(yàn)結(jié)果選定最終方案。
[Abstract]:With the increase of the contradiction between supply and demand in water shortage areas, more and more large-scale, long-distance and cross-basin water transfer projects have been built. However, due to the long and complicated fluctuation and variation of water pipelines, complex hydraulic transient phenomena (water hammer) are easy to occur in the pipelines. Although the phenomenon of hydraulic transition lasts for a short time, it often results in serious engineering accidents, which seriously affects the normal operation of water intake and transportation projects and the safety of people's lives and property. The Wangchuan River diversion Lijiahe Reservoir Project in Xi'an City consists of two major parts: the reservoir hub project and the water conveyance project. In order to reduce the pressure of the end pipeline and effectively protect the water hammer, It is planned to set up a 1000m3 regulating pool at Lijia Hebei trunk pile number 27 602.6 and pile number 29 366.8 to reduce blood pressure by stages. According to the actual operating conditions, three optimal energy dissipation schemes (large gate valve rectangular regulating pool and small gate valve circular regulating pool) are proposed for the No. 2 regulating pool. The results show that when there is no water cushion in the rectangular adjusting pool, the jet will impinge on the bottom plate of the adjusting pool, which is a threat to the safety of the bottom plate. Therefore, when the large gate valve scheme is in operation for the first time, the pipe flow rate of Q1.0m3/s should be used to fill the regulating tank first, and then increase to the design flow rate when the water filling depth is more than 2.2 m. For the first time, the small gate valve scheme uses the pipeline flow of Q0.5m3/s to fill the regulating tank, and then increases gradually to the design flow when the water filling depth is more than 2.0 m. When the water level in the tank is low, the water jet of the circular regulating pool will impact the wall of the gate inlet, so the Q0.5m3/s pipeline flow should be used to fill the regulating tank at the initial operation, and the depth of the water should be more than 2.0 m. When the flow rate is designed, the opening degree of gate valve is smaller, and the negative pressure exists in the local area between the gate valve and the regulating pool of three design schemes, but the negative pressure value is smaller, the average velocity in the pipeline is less than 30 m / s, and the aeration treatment can not be done according to the requirements of the specification. The circular and rectangular regulating pools can meet the design requirements from the point of view of hydraulics. It is suggested that the final scheme should be selected according to the actual conditions in the field and combined with the test results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV672;TV653

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