【摘要】：水資源短缺及分布不均是我國(guó)水資源存在的兩大劣勢(shì),這嚴(yán)重阻礙了經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展,我國(guó)不得不修建大批的長(zhǎng)距離調(diào)水工程來(lái)解決這些難題。而對(duì)于跨流域的長(zhǎng)距離調(diào)水工程,由于流域廣且控制建筑物較多,實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)M調(diào)度是非常困難的,如果不對(duì)工程進(jìn)行計(jì)算模擬直接投入使用,一旦發(fā)生事故損失將是難以承受的。而數(shù)值模擬方法具有經(jīng)濟(jì)和方便的特性,成為眾多研究者新的突破口,找尋更加實(shí)用安全的數(shù)值模擬方法對(duì)整個(gè)調(diào)水工程意義重大。本文通過(guò)研究以往的相關(guān)理論,建立了適用于具有復(fù)雜內(nèi)邊界的長(zhǎng)距離調(diào)水明滿流交替的一維非恒定流水力學(xué)系統(tǒng)。為了精確模擬流動(dòng)的水力特性,分析明滿交替流對(duì)工程運(yùn)行的安全性和穩(wěn)定性帶來(lái)的復(fù)雜影響,采用圣維南方程組和Preissmann窄縫法來(lái)計(jì)算有壓管流和自由表面流以及這兩種狀態(tài)的過(guò)渡流等問(wèn)題,模型方程的離散方式為變量交錯(cuò)定義隱格式,并用一階迎風(fēng)插值的方法來(lái)處理對(duì)流項(xiàng),并加入水庫(kù)、泵站、分水口、暗涵及閘堰等水工建筑物。通過(guò)模擬了有壓管流和Wiggert實(shí)驗(yàn),模型計(jì)算結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果誤差較小,證明模型可以用于模擬一維明滿過(guò)渡流,然后將系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用到模擬南水北調(diào)中線工程北京段一期自流工況的水力特性問(wèn)題,較好地解決了工程中遇到明滿流耦合計(jì)算的問(wèn)題,并比較了關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)水位的模擬值與實(shí)測(cè)值,顯出了較高的準(zhǔn)確性。然后又模擬了南水北調(diào)中線工程北京段檢修工況和二期工況,分析管內(nèi)流量分布和水位變化,為長(zhǎng)距離調(diào)水工程流網(wǎng)的設(shè)計(jì)和相關(guān)部門的調(diào)度決策提供依據(jù),表明本文方法可以作為大型明滿交替流輸水工程的計(jì)算模擬工具。
[Abstract]:The shortage and uneven distribution of water resources are two major disadvantages of water resources in China, which seriously hinder the economic and social development. China has to build a large number of long-distance water transfer projects to solve these problems. However, for the long-distance water transfer project across the river basin, it is very difficult to simulate the operation of the experiment because of the wide watershed and more control buildings. If the project is not directly put into use, once the accident loss occurs, it will be difficult to bear. The numerical simulation method has the characteristics of economy and convenience, and has become a new breakthrough for many researchers. It is of great significance to find a more practical and safe numerical simulation method for the whole water transfer project. In this paper, by studying the previous theories, a one-dimensional unsteady flow mechanics system with complex internal boundaries is established, which is suitable for the alternation of long distance water transfer and full flow. In order to accurately simulate the hydraulic characteristics of the flow, the complex effects of the alternating flow on the safety and stability of the project are analyzed. The Saint-Venant equations and Preissmann's narrow slit method are used to calculate the pressure pipe flow, free surface flow and the transition flow in these two states. The discretization of the model equations is based on the variable staggered definition of implicit scheme. The first order upwind interpolation method is used to deal with the convection term, and the hydraulic structures such as reservoirs, pumping stations, water dividers, hidden culverts and sluice dams are added. By simulating the pressure pipe flow and the Wiggert experiment, the error between the model and the experimental result is small. It is proved that the model can be used to simulate the one-dimensional open full transition flow. Then the system is applied to simulate the hydraulic characteristics of the first stage self-flow in the Beijing section of the South-to-North Water transfer Project, which solves the problem of the open-flow coupling calculation in the project, and compares the simulated and measured water level at the key points. It shows high accuracy. Then, the maintenance condition and the second stage condition of Beijing section of the South-to-North Water transfer Project are simulated, and the flow distribution and water level change in the pipe are analyzed, which provides the basis for the design of the drift-net of the long-distance water diversion project and the dispatching decision of the relevant departments. It is shown that this method can be used as a numerical simulation tool for large alternating flow water conveyance projects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TV68;TV133

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本文編號(hào)：2381130