三峽與金沙江下游梯級水庫群發(fā)電優(yōu)化調(diào)度研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-12-12 06:01
【摘要】:長江干流金沙江下游-三峽河段水能資源豐富,是長江水資源開發(fā)的重要河段。三峽工程是長江干流的控制性骨干工程,具有巨大的防洪、發(fā)電、航運(yùn)等綜合效益;而金沙江下游梯級開發(fā)以發(fā)電為主,兼顧防洪、供水灌溉等綜合利用。三峽與金沙江下游梯級水庫規(guī)模巨大,具有重大的聯(lián)合調(diào)度效益,其供電范圍基本一致,F(xiàn)有的管理模式下,具備實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)合調(diào)度的條件。水利工程設(shè)計(jì)階段中梯級水庫調(diào)度研究存在一定的局限性,與實(shí)際運(yùn)行調(diào)度存在較大差距。在“廠網(wǎng)分開”與“競價(jià)上網(wǎng)”的形勢下,實(shí)現(xiàn)梯級水庫群優(yōu)化運(yùn)行,為上報(bào)發(fā)電計(jì)劃提供了參考依據(jù)。在執(zhí)行發(fā)電計(jì)劃時(shí),合理分配不同電站出力,保證電網(wǎng)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行,并能充分利用水能資源。 梯級水庫群優(yōu)化調(diào)度是一類高維、時(shí)變的大規(guī)模決策優(yōu)化問題,并具有非線性、不確定性、多目標(biāo)、多層次、多階段等特征,一直是水利工程科學(xué)與系統(tǒng)工程科學(xué)交叉發(fā)展的前沿問題之一。然而,隨著梯級水庫群規(guī)模的不斷擴(kuò)大,梯級水庫群之間的水力、電力聯(lián)系日趨復(fù)雜化,不同調(diào)度需求、調(diào)度目標(biāo)之間存在的相互制約與競爭關(guān)系日益明顯,傳統(tǒng)優(yōu)化調(diào)度的理論與方法已難以支撐復(fù)雜大規(guī)模梯級水庫群調(diào)度決策的制定,難以滿足工程需求。因此,亟需研究新的優(yōu)化理論與方法。 本文圍繞三峽與金沙江下游梯級水庫群發(fā)電優(yōu)化調(diào)度決策問題,采用Pareto多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化決策技術(shù),對三峽與金沙江梯級水庫群發(fā)電優(yōu)化調(diào)度與決策問題作了深入的研究。以充分發(fā)揮發(fā)電效益為目標(biāo),引入復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)的建模理論、群智能優(yōu)化方法,豐富了發(fā)電優(yōu)化調(diào)度求解,為發(fā)電計(jì)劃的制定提供參考依據(jù)。通過水文特性分析與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析對水庫群蓄水時(shí)機(jī)作了分析研究,確定了蓄水時(shí)間,水庫蓄能規(guī)律指導(dǎo)水庫群出力合理分配,為電網(wǎng)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行提供了保證,為梯級水庫群發(fā)電優(yōu)化調(diào)度研究提供了理論依據(jù)與技術(shù)支撐。主要研究工作與創(chuàng)新成果如下: (1)以金沙江下游梯級水庫群運(yùn)行調(diào)度為背景,分析了三峽發(fā)電調(diào)度模式下各調(diào)度目標(biāo)間的競爭與沖突關(guān)系,通過引入Pareto優(yōu)化概念,論述了多目標(biāo)發(fā)電調(diào)度建模的理論基礎(chǔ),引入了有效庫容,運(yùn)用多目標(biāo)遺傳算法求解模型。結(jié)果表明有效庫容很好的指導(dǎo)了NSGA-Ⅱ進(jìn)化搜索,得到了較好的Pareto前沿。多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化調(diào)度分析發(fā)電優(yōu)化調(diào)度中競爭與沖突目標(biāo)之間的關(guān)系,為水庫群優(yōu)化調(diào)度研究與求解提供了一定的技術(shù)支撐。 (2)在了解發(fā)電優(yōu)化調(diào)度目標(biāo)之間的關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上,圍繞三峽與金沙江下游梯級水庫群聯(lián)合發(fā)電需求,建立了三峽優(yōu)化調(diào)度模型和三峽與金沙江下游梯級水庫群聯(lián)合優(yōu)化調(diào)度模型,分別采用動態(tài)規(guī)劃算法、遺傳算法與粒子群算法進(jìn)行求解。針對已有模型求解方法的制約,結(jié)合遺傳算法與粒子群算法,分別采用了增加種群多樣性與控制粒子群慣性權(quán)值的手段,突破了復(fù)雜約束優(yōu)化模型求解技術(shù),提高了算法優(yōu)化性能。三種算法在求解三峽優(yōu)化調(diào)度模型時(shí),改進(jìn)的粒子群算法得到較為滿意的解。將改進(jìn)的粒子群算法應(yīng)用到梯級水庫群發(fā)電調(diào)度模型求解中,結(jié)果表明,該算法在求解精度與求解效率等方面性能顯著改善,為水庫優(yōu)化調(diào)度模型的求解提供了新思路;同時(shí)把并行算法很好地嵌入到模型求解過程中,結(jié)果顯示,算法的求解速度得到大大提高; (3)分析了影響三峽與金沙江下游梯級水庫群蓄水的主要因素。結(jié)合目前水文特性,以水庫蓄滿率為目標(biāo),分析了金沙江下游水庫群蓄水時(shí)機(jī)的選擇;在確定了金沙江下游水庫群蓄水時(shí)間的基礎(chǔ)上,從風(fēng)險(xiǎn)率的角度分析了三峽水庫提前蓄水的可能性; (4)發(fā)電企業(yè)作為一個(gè)整體,獲得發(fā)電計(jì)劃后,只有合理梯級分配水庫間出力,才能一方面確保電網(wǎng)安全,另一方面使得有限的水能資源得到充分的利用。本文以水庫群蓄能規(guī)律為基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合有效庫容,建立了有效勢能最大的等價(jià)性模型,并指導(dǎo)水庫群蓄放水次序。與傳統(tǒng)K系數(shù)判別式法相比,不同的典型年條件下,等價(jià)性模型指導(dǎo)三峽與金沙江下游梯級水庫群進(jìn)行蓄放水都取得較好的綜合調(diào)度效益,,為研究梯級水庫群的蓄放水規(guī)律提供了一定的參考依據(jù),為執(zhí)行發(fā)電計(jì)劃提供了技術(shù)支撐。
[Abstract]:The hydropower resources of the lower reaches of the Jinsha River in the main stream of the Yangtze River are abundant and the important reach of the water resources development of the Yangtze River. The Three Gorges Project is the control key project of the main stream of the Yangtze River, which has the comprehensive benefits of flood control, power generation and shipping, while the downstream step-level development of the Jinsha River is dominated by power generation, and the comprehensive utilization of flood control and water supply irrigation is considered. The large scale of the cascade reservoirs in the Three Gorges and the Jinshajiang River has significant joint scheduling benefit, and its power supply range is basically the same. Under the existing management mode, the condition for realizing joint scheduling is provided. There are some limitations in the scheduling of the cascade reservoirs during the design stage of the water conservancy project, and there is a great gap with the actual operation schedule. In the situation of the 鈥渟eparation of plant net鈥
本文編號:2374055
[Abstract]:The hydropower resources of the lower reaches of the Jinsha River in the main stream of the Yangtze River are abundant and the important reach of the water resources development of the Yangtze River. The Three Gorges Project is the control key project of the main stream of the Yangtze River, which has the comprehensive benefits of flood control, power generation and shipping, while the downstream step-level development of the Jinsha River is dominated by power generation, and the comprehensive utilization of flood control and water supply irrigation is considered. The large scale of the cascade reservoirs in the Three Gorges and the Jinshajiang River has significant joint scheduling benefit, and its power supply range is basically the same. Under the existing management mode, the condition for realizing joint scheduling is provided. There are some limitations in the scheduling of the cascade reservoirs during the design stage of the water conservancy project, and there is a great gap with the actual operation schedule. In the situation of the 鈥渟eparation of plant net鈥
本文編號:2374055
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