【摘要】：人類(lèi)修建堰、壩已有數(shù)千年的歷史,重力壩是出現(xiàn)最早的壩型之一。1961年瑞士就建成了285m高的大迪克桑斯壩,為地球上重力壩壩高之最；我國(guó)于2006年建成的三峽大壩舉世矚目,是當(dāng)今世界上最大的混凝土實(shí)體重力壩,壩體高度為181m。壩體的高度隨人們的需求逐漸增加,大壩的安全性越來(lái)越成為水工建筑設(shè)計(jì)師們的重點(diǎn)考慮因素。本文以某工程高重力壩為例,探討了壩體在地震及爆炸的偶然因素作用下的動(dòng)力響應(yīng)特性,具體內(nèi)容如下：(1)憑借ANSYS軟件,建立三維整體壩段群重力壩模型,對(duì)空滿(mǎn)庫(kù)情況下各靜動(dòng)力工況相應(yīng)組合,分析該混凝土重力壩整體壩段群的地震響應(yīng),重力壩整體壩段群的設(shè)計(jì)是否符合抗震要求。(2)通過(guò)ABAQUS軟件建立擋水壩段、底孔壩段和溢流壩段三個(gè)典型單獨(dú)壩段有無(wú)配筋的6個(gè)二維非線(xiàn)性有限元模型,將數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果與結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力模型試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果對(duì)比分析,充分研究壩體破壞模式,分析重力壩破壞路徑。數(shù)值模擬的結(jié)果與試驗(yàn)結(jié)論基本一致,該工程重力壩的抗震配筋措施大大提高了其抗震性能。(3)針對(duì)該工程重力壩抗爆,利用有限元分析軟件LS-DYNA,建立自由場(chǎng)正常蓄水位狀態(tài)下?lián)跛畨味蝺煞N壩型不同炸藥施放位置的流固耦合模型,對(duì)不同壩型的重力壩抗爆特性進(jìn)行了分析與探討。重力壩上游面的折坡增大了水下接觸爆炸對(duì)壩體的加速度、速度的動(dòng)力響應(yīng)而減小了位移的響應(yīng),而無(wú)折坡壩體的時(shí)程曲線(xiàn)相對(duì)平緩。無(wú)折坡比有折坡壩型在水下接觸爆炸沖擊荷載作用下?lián)p傷范圍更大、更為嚴(yán)重。
[Abstract]:The dam has been built for thousands of years, and gravity dam is one of the earliest dam types. In 1961, Switzerland built 285m high Dicksance dam, which is the highest dam height on the earth. The three Gorges Dam, which was built in 2006 in China, is the largest concrete gravity dam in the world, with a height of 181 m. The height of dam body increases gradually with the demand of people, and the safety of dam becomes an important factor for hydraulic architects. Taking a high gravity dam of a project as an example, the dynamic response characteristics of the dam body under the action of earthquake and explosion are discussed in this paper. The specific contents are as follows: (1) with the help of ANSYS software, the 3D gravity dam model of whole block group is established. According to the corresponding combination of static and dynamic conditions under the condition of empty and full reservoir, the seismic response of the whole dam group of the concrete gravity dam is analyzed, and whether the design of the whole dam group of the gravity dam conforms to the seismic requirements. (2) the water retaining dam section is established by ABAQUS software. Six two dimensional nonlinear finite element models with or without reinforcement in three typical single sections of bottom and overflow dam sections are proposed. The numerical simulation results are compared with the results of structural dynamic model tests, and the failure modes of the dam body are fully studied. The failure path of gravity dam is analyzed. The results of numerical simulation are basically consistent with the experimental results. The seismic reinforcement measures of the gravity dam greatly improve its seismic performance. (3) aiming at the anti-explosion of the gravity dam, the finite element analysis software LS-DYNA, is used. A fluid-solid coupling model of two kinds of dam types with different explosive positions was established under the condition of normal water level in free field. The anti-explosion characteristics of gravity dams with different dam types were analyzed and discussed. The slope of the upstream face of gravity dam increases the acceleration of underwater contact explosion to the dam body and the dynamic response of velocity reduces the response of displacement while the time-history curve of the dam body without slope is relatively flat. The damage range of non-slope dam is larger and more serious than that of non-slope dam under the action of underwater contact explosion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TV642.3

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