【摘要】：密云水庫是北京市最大的也是唯一的地表飲用水水源地，隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展，密云水庫水環(huán)境受到污染，水庫水質(zhì)有了下降趨勢(shì)。掌握庫區(qū)基本的水文特征、水環(huán)境機(jī)理，并進(jìn)行模擬預(yù)警，對(duì)遏制密云水庫水體惡化具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義，為水庫環(huán)境治理工作提供相關(guān)的技術(shù)支撐。 本文通過收集水庫庫區(qū)及周邊的實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)，對(duì)研究區(qū)模擬范圍的時(shí)空進(jìn)行概化，搭建EFDC密云水庫二維水動(dòng)力—水質(zhì)模型。通過密云水庫水動(dòng)力模型，得到良好的水位模擬結(jié)果，，平均誤差約為-0.61%。水溫模擬結(jié)果客觀的反應(yīng)了密云水庫四季溫度變化，解釋了冬春季湖心水溫低、夏秋季湖心溫度高的主要原因是由于水庫入流受氣溫影響較庫區(qū)水體大，且?guī)靺^(qū)水體交換周期長(zhǎng)，并且水體的生態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化也會(huì)產(chǎn)生熱量。 在水動(dòng)力基礎(chǔ)上，利用2007-2008年水質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)建立密云水庫水質(zhì)模型并進(jìn)行模型率定，水質(zhì)率定模擬結(jié)果表明：各項(xiàng)水質(zhì)指標(biāo)模擬變化趨勢(shì)和實(shí)測(cè)值變化趨勢(shì)基本相符，模擬效果良好，總體平均誤差在可接受范圍內(nèi)：DO平均誤差13.34%，氨氮平均誤差12%，總氮平均誤差11.43%，總磷平均誤差12.34%。2008年模擬驗(yàn)證結(jié)果表明，各項(xiàng)水質(zhì)指標(biāo)模擬變化趨勢(shì)和實(shí)測(cè)值變化趨勢(shì)擬合關(guān)系好于率定模擬結(jié)果，總體平均誤差在可接受范圍內(nèi)，可以滿足預(yù)報(bào)、預(yù)警等技術(shù)要求。 在調(diào)試好的水質(zhì)模型基礎(chǔ)上，設(shè)置了瞬時(shí)排放污染物及連續(xù)排放污染物兩種情景，并選用衰減系數(shù)為1e-8、1e-7、5e-7的人工處理方式并與未考慮衰減系數(shù)的情況作為對(duì)比，發(fā)現(xiàn)：（1）瞬時(shí)排放事故發(fā)生點(diǎn)位于庫區(qū)內(nèi)部，污染物云團(tuán)運(yùn)移驅(qū)動(dòng)力主要以風(fēng)速為主，并沿庫區(qū)東部、南部所形成的渦旋進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)擴(kuò)散；而連續(xù)排放事故點(diǎn)位于入流點(diǎn)附近，入流水流則作為主要驅(qū)動(dòng)力影響溶質(zhì)運(yùn)移。（2）瞬時(shí)排放條件下考慮三種不同衰減系數(shù)情況，隨著衰減系數(shù)增大，同一時(shí)刻峰值濃度出現(xiàn)減小趨勢(shì)。（3）考慮衰減系數(shù)下，污染羽范圍明顯下降。綜上所述，使用EFDC模型模擬密云水庫水環(huán)境并進(jìn)行污染物突發(fā)事件具有一定可行性，可為密云水庫治理、防治等工作提供技術(shù)支撐。
[Abstract]:Miyun Reservoir is the largest and only source of surface drinking water in Beijing. With the rapid development of social economy, the water environment of Miyun Reservoir is polluted, and the water quality of the reservoir has a downward trend. Mastering the basic hydrological characteristics and water environment mechanism of the reservoir area and carrying out simulation and early warning are of certain guiding significance to curb the deterioration of the water body of Miyun Reservoir and provide relevant technical support for the reservoir environmental control work. By collecting the measured data of reservoir area and its surrounding area, this paper generalizes the time and space of the simulation range of the study area, and sets up a two-dimensional hydrodynamic water quality model of EFDC Miyun Reservoir. Through the hydrodynamic model of Miyun reservoir, good water level simulation results are obtained. The average error is about -0.61. The results of water temperature simulation objectively reflect the variation of four seasons temperature in Miyun Reservoir, and explain the low water temperature in the lake center in winter and spring, and the main reason for the high temperature in the lake center in summer and autumn because the inflow of the reservoir is more affected by the temperature than the water body in the reservoir area. And the water exchange period is long, and the ecological transformation of water will also produce heat. On the basis of hydrodynamics, the water quality model of Miyun Reservoir was established by using the water quality data from 2007-2008 and the model rate was determined. The simulation results of water quality rate indicated that the simulation trend of water quality indexes was basically consistent with that of measured values. The overall average error is within the acceptable range: DO average error 13.34, ammonia nitrogen average error 12, total nitrogen average error 11.43, total phosphorus average error 12.34.2008.The results of simulation and verification show that, The simulation trend of water quality index and the change trend of measured value fit well with the result of rate simulation. The overall average error is within the acceptable range, which can meet the technical requirements of forecast, early warning and so on. Based on the adjusted water quality model, two scenarios of instantaneous discharge of pollutants and continuous discharge of pollutants were set up, and the artificial treatment method with attenuation coefficient of 1e-8, 1e-7 and 5e-7 was selected as a comparison with the situation without considering the attenuation coefficient. The results are as follows: (1) the instantaneous emission accident occurs in the reservoir area, and the main driving force of pollutant cloud movement is wind speed, and moving diffusion along the vortex formed in the east and south of the reservoir area; However, the continuous emission accident point is located near the inflow point, and the inflow flow affects solute transport as the main driving force. (2) considering three different attenuation coefficients under instantaneous discharge conditions, with the increase of attenuation coefficient, The peak concentration decreases at the same time. (3) considering the attenuation coefficient, the range of pollution plume decreases obviously. To sum up, it is feasible to use EFDC model to simulate the water environment of Miyun reservoir and to carry out pollutant emergencies, which can provide technical support for the management and prevention of Miyun reservoir.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)（北京）
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV697;X524

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