【摘要】：折坡擴(kuò)散消力池能較好的適應(yīng)工程實(shí)際需要，擴(kuò)散體型和折坡水躍使得此類消力池消能效果良好，并能適應(yīng)下游水位變化。與常規(guī)的矩形消力池相比，具有消能效果良好、保護(hù)下游邊坡、縮短消力池長度等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。在實(shí)際工程中，折坡擴(kuò)散消力池已有了較為廣泛的應(yīng)用，如布倫口水電站、喜河水電站等，而對(duì)折坡擴(kuò)散消力池水躍公式的理論研究較少。因此，，根據(jù)工程實(shí)際需求進(jìn)一步深入研究折坡擴(kuò)散消力池水力特性，尋求更簡便、精確的折坡消力池水躍公式，對(duì)閘壩下游消能防沖設(shè)計(jì)具有重要實(shí)踐意義。針對(duì)折坡擴(kuò)散消力池水躍公式尚無大量研究的問題，本文進(jìn)行了以下研究工作： （1）通過對(duì)水躍模型試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)擬合分析，得出佛汝德數(shù)與共軛水深經(jīng)驗(yàn)關(guān)系式，即折坡擴(kuò)散消力池水躍經(jīng)驗(yàn)計(jì)算公式。在本文試驗(yàn)條件下，該計(jì)算式計(jì)算誤差較小，分別為1.07%、1.14%、0.23%、2.64%、4.08%、0.00%，總體誤差在5%以內(nèi)，平均誤差為1.53%。公式形式簡單、結(jié)構(gòu)合理、物理意義明確，能夠?yàn)楣こ淘O(shè)計(jì)提供一定的參考，為折坡擴(kuò)散消力池水躍的研究提供了一種新的思路。 （2）折坡擴(kuò)散消力池中水躍長度與躍前斷面佛汝德數(shù)、共軛水深比存在相關(guān)關(guān)系，水躍長度與共軛水深比、躍前斷面佛汝德數(shù)成正比關(guān)系。消力池水躍消能效率與躍前斷面佛汝德數(shù)呈現(xiàn)出良好的相關(guān)關(guān)系。消能率的變化隨佛汝德數(shù)的增大而增大，隨著佛汝德數(shù)的增大，消能率的增加值逐漸減小。 （3）通過動(dòng)量方程與連續(xù)方程聯(lián)立，采用積分方法解決了折坡擴(kuò)散消力池斜坡水躍體重力的計(jì)算問題，推導(dǎo)折坡擴(kuò)散消力池水躍理論公式。采用試驗(yàn)研究數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)現(xiàn)行多種計(jì)算方法，進(jìn)行了分析計(jì)算，并將計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析。計(jì)算方法分別為美國陸軍工程兵團(tuán)算法、周名德算法、李瓊算法和本文推導(dǎo)的水躍理論公式。結(jié)果表明本文推導(dǎo)出來的折坡擴(kuò)散消力池水躍共軛水深關(guān)系式比三種已有計(jì)算方法計(jì)算誤差小，分別為2.73%、1.38%、0.28%、3.06%、3.55%，誤差平均值為1.87%。說明此種計(jì)算方法具有一定可靠性，可為相關(guān)工程設(shè)計(jì)提供依據(jù)。 （4）通過改變體型條件，結(jié)合工程實(shí)例，分析了理論公式在折坡水躍、平底矩形水躍中的應(yīng)用。結(jié)果表明，理論公式同樣適用于等寬折坡水躍；忽略擴(kuò)散角與坡度時(shí)，理論公式與平底矩形水躍共軛水深計(jì)算公式一致。
[Abstract]:The slope diffusion stilling pool can better meet the practical needs of engineering. The diffusion type and sloping hydraulic jump make the energy dissipation effect of this kind of stilling pool good and can adapt to the change of downstream water level. Compared with the conventional rectangular stilling pool, it has the advantages of good energy dissipation effect, protecting the downstream slope and shortening the length of the stilling pool. In the practical engineering, the slope diffusion stilling pool has been widely used, such as Brancou Hydropower Station, Xihe Hydropower Station and so on, but the theoretical research on the hydraulic jump formula of the slope diffusion stilling pool is less. Therefore, it is of great practical significance for the downstream energy dissipation design of sluice dams to further study the hydraulic characteristics of the damped diffusion stilling pool according to the actual engineering requirements, and to seek a simpler and more accurate formula for the hydraulic jump of the sloping stilling pool. In order to solve the problem that there is no large amount of research on the hydraulic jump formula of the sloping diffusion stilling pool, the following research work has been done in this paper: (1) the empirical relationship between Froude number and conjugate water depth is obtained by fitting and analyzing the data of hydraulic jump model test. That is, the empirical formula of hydraulic jump in diffusive stilling pool with broken slope. Under the experimental conditions in this paper, the calculation error of this formula is smaller, which is 1.077.1.14 and 0.232.644.080.000. The overall error is less than 5%, and the average error is 1.53. The formula is simple in form, reasonable in structure and clear in physical meaning. It can provide a certain reference for engineering design, and provide a new way of thinking for the research of hydraulic jump in the dampening pool of slope diffusion. (2) there is a correlation between the hydraulic jump length and the Froude number and the conjugate water depth ratio in the slope-diffusive stilling pool. The hydraulic jump length is proportional to the conjugate water depth ratio, and the Froude number of the front section is proportional to the Froude number of the former section. There is a good correlation between the water energy dissipation efficiency of the stilling pool and the Froude number of the front section. The change of energy dissipation rate increases with the increase of Froude number, and decreases with the increase of Froude number. (3) through the combination of momentum equation and continuous equation, this paper solves the problem of calculating the hydraulic jump weight of the slope of the sloping diffusion stilling pool by using the integral method, and deduces the theoretical formula of the hydraulic jump of the slope diffusion stilling pool. This paper analyzes and calculates various calculation methods by using experimental research data, and compares and analyzes the calculated results. The calculation methods are the US Army Corps of Engineers algorithm, Zhou Mingde algorithm, Li Qiong algorithm and the theoretical formula of water jump derived in this paper. The results show that the formula derived in this paper is less than the calculation error of the three existing methods, which are 2.73 and 1.38 and 0.28 and 3.06, respectively. The average error is 1.87. It shows that this calculation method has certain reliability and can provide basis for related engineering design. (4) the application of theoretical formula in slope jump and rectangular jump with flat bottom is analyzed by changing the shape condition and combining with engineering examples. The results show that the theoretical formula is also applicable to the equal-width slope jump, and when the diffusion angle and slope are ignored, the theoretical formula is consistent with the conjugate water depth calculation formula of rectangular water jump with flat bottom.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV135.2

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