【摘要】：大型梯級泵站一般具有管線長、提水量大、運行時間長、能耗多等特點,不僅在運行調(diào)度方面具有較大的優(yōu)化空間,在機組安全啟動和高效運行等方面也具有一定的優(yōu)化潛力。由于水泵機組運行狀態(tài)易受振動、機組啟動特性、機組啟動頻繁程度等因素的影響,開展以抽水成本為主要控制目標的優(yōu)化調(diào)度研究,也需要對機組運行可靠性進行分析,并優(yōu)化機組啟動過程,以提高優(yōu)化調(diào)度結(jié)果的準確性和可行性。本文基于瞬變流理論和安全性分析,開展大型梯級泵站優(yōu)化調(diào)度研究,為梯級泵站制定合理、經(jīng)濟、可靠的調(diào)度運行方案提供了有力的理論依據(jù),具有重要的學術價值和實用價值。 本文綜合運用泵站經(jīng)濟運行、流體力學、振動信號分析、非線性轉(zhuǎn)子動力學和智能優(yōu)化算法等理論,結(jié)合水泵運行安全性和可靠性分析,研究大型梯級泵站優(yōu)化調(diào)度問題,具體內(nèi)容如下： 1.開展優(yōu)化調(diào)度實時性研究：基于明渠／有壓管道等非恒定流方程,采用特征線算法求解梯級泵站首站流量變化時全線水力瞬變問題,并與工程調(diào)度經(jīng)驗相結(jié)合,確定梯級泵站調(diào)度運行時各站間流量滯后時差關系,實現(xiàn)優(yōu)化調(diào)度的實時性。 2.針對立式混流泵振動問題,開展水泵運行可靠性對優(yōu)化調(diào)度影響分析：運用HHT方法和轉(zhuǎn)子動力學,從信號分析和數(shù)值模擬兩方面對葉片全調(diào)節(jié)立式混流泵異常振動誘因進行研究,并探討了振動對水泵效率的影響。研究表明,異常振動是由于機組啟動時伴生沖擊力推動主軸偏移,導致轉(zhuǎn)子不對中運轉(zhuǎn)所引起的,且主軸偏移在機組穩(wěn)定運行后雖有所減小,但并不會消失；啟動伴生沖擊力越強越易誘發(fā)機組振動,振動越強水泵效率則越低；由于該沖擊力是由電機的直接啟動方式引起的,改善機組啟動方式,降低啟動伴生沖擊力,不僅可以減弱機組振動,也提高了水泵運行可靠性和優(yōu)化調(diào)度精度。 3.針對機組啟動方式改變后啟動水錘安全問題以及優(yōu)化調(diào)度所引起的機組頻繁啟動問題,開展葉片全調(diào)節(jié)立式混流泵啟動參數(shù)優(yōu)化研究：將立式混流泵啟動過程分為關閥排氣過程和蝶閥開啟過程兩個階段,分別采用VOF模型和動網(wǎng)格技術進行三維水錘仿真計算,并利用正交試驗法開展電機啟動時間、蝶閥開啟時間和葉片角度等水泵啟動過程參數(shù)優(yōu)化配置研究。研究表明：隨著電機啟動時間的增加,水泵啟動水錘最大值逐漸降低,隨著蝶閥開啟時間增加,水泵啟動水錘最大值逐漸上升,另外,由于葉片角度較小時水泵揚程曲線存在馬鞍區(qū),葉片角度應選擇-3。。 4.開展單目標優(yōu)化調(diào)度研究：針對大型梯級泵站運行特點,結(jié)合系統(tǒng)瞬變流分析和水泵運行可靠性分析成果,建立以系統(tǒng)抽水成本最小為控制目標,以流量分配為決策變量的單目標實時優(yōu)化調(diào)度模型。進而在粒子群算法的基礎上,引入免疫思想,開展混合粒子群求解算法研究。實例研究表明：混合粒子群算法增強了粒子活躍性,擴大了解空間的搜索范圍,提高了搜索精度,從而增強了粒子群算法避免“早熟”的能力；梯級泵站最優(yōu)方案比現(xiàn)行的最優(yōu)調(diào)度方案每日節(jié)省成本2.99萬元,有效的提高了工程經(jīng)濟性。 5.開展雙目標優(yōu)化調(diào)度研究：綜合考慮抽水成本與機組維修成本等對工程經(jīng)濟性的影響,在假定機組啟動次數(shù)與機組維修成本呈線性關系的基礎上,建立以調(diào)度周期內(nèi)抽水成本最小和機組維修成本最小(機組啟動次數(shù)最少)為控制目標的雙目標實時優(yōu)化調(diào)度模型,并分別采用基于線性加權(quán)法的混合粒子群算法和基于Pareto最優(yōu)解的混合粒子群算法進行求解。研究表明：前者只能獲得雙目標特定關系下的唯一最優(yōu)解,當目標權(quán)重關系不明時,優(yōu)化結(jié)果可靠性無法確定；而后者則能夠反映抽水成本與機組啟動次數(shù)的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系：在日抽水量確定的情況下,隨著機組啟動次數(shù)的增加,抽水成本大致呈現(xiàn)出先減小后增大的趨勢,但存在一區(qū)域(包含全局最小抽水成本)：隨著機組啟動次數(shù)的變化,抽水成本變化并不明顯,該區(qū)域即調(diào)度方案的最優(yōu)選擇區(qū)域。
[Abstract]:The large-scale cascade pump station generally has the characteristics of long pipeline, large water extraction capacity, long running time, and many energy consumption. The large-scale cascade pump station not only has a large optimization space in the operation scheduling, but also has certain optimization potential in the aspects of unit safety start-up and high-efficiency operation. Because the operation state of the water pump unit is easy to be affected by the factors such as vibration, the startup characteristics of the unit and the frequency of the unit startup, the optimal scheduling study based on the pumping cost as the main control target is carried out, the operation reliability of the unit is analyzed, and the startup process of the unit is optimized. so as to improve the accuracy and the feasibility of optimizing the scheduling result. In this paper, based on the transient flow theory and the safety analysis, the optimal scheduling of the large-scale cascade pump station is carried out, and the reasonable, economical and reliable scheduling and operation scheme of the step pump station is provided with a strong theoretical foundation, which is of great academic value and practical value. In this paper, the economic operation, fluid mechanics, vibration signal analysis, non-linear rotor dynamics and intelligent optimization algorithm of the pump station are used in this paper. Combined with the operation safety and reliability analysis of the water pump, the optimal scheduling problem of the large-scale cascade pump station is studied. In this paper, the real-time study of optimization scheduling is carried out: based on the non-constant flow equations such as open channel/ pressure pipe, the hydraulic transient problem of the first station of the step pump station is solved by the characteristic line algorithm, and the problem of hydraulic transient change of the first station of the step pump station is solved by using the characteristic line algorithm, and the problem of the hydraulic transient change of the first station of the cascade pump station is solved by using the characteristic line algorithm. Combined with the experience, it is determined that the time difference of the flow between the stations in the scheduling operation of the cascade pump station is related to the time difference between the stations, and the optimization adjustment is realized. 2. According to the vibration problem of the vertical mixed-flow pump, the influence of the operation reliability of the water pump on the optimal scheduling is carried out: using the HHT method and the rotor dynamics, the abnormal flow-type mixed-flow pump is abnormal in the two aspects of signal analysis and numerical simulation The causes of vibration are studied and the vibration is discussed. The effect of abnormal vibration on the efficiency of the water pump is shown. The study shows that the abnormal vibration is caused by the driving of the main shaft due to the accompanying impact force at the start of the unit, and the deviation of the main shaft is reduced after the stable operation of the unit, but it does not disappear; the stronger the associated impact force is started The more easily the vibration of the unit is induced, the lower the vibration and the stronger the efficiency of the water pump, and as the impact force is caused by the direct starting mode of the motor, the starting mode of the unit is improved, the associated impact force is reduced, the vibration of the unit can be reduced, and the operation of the water pump is improved. 3. To start the problem of water hammer safety after the change of the startup mode of the unit and the frequent start-up of the unit caused by the optimization of the dispatching, and carry out the full adjustment of the blade. The start-up parameter optimization of the mixed-flow pump is as follows: the start-up process of the vertical mixed-flow pump is divided into two stages, namely, the closing valve exhaust process and the butterfly valve opening process, and the three-dimensional water hammer simulation calculation is carried out by adopting the VOF model and the dynamic grid technology respectively, The start-up time of the motor, the opening time of the butterfly valve and the angle of the blade shall be started by the test method. The study of the configuration of dynamic process parameters shows that, with the increase of the starting time of the motor, the maximum water hammer of the water pump is gradually decreased, and the maximum value of the water hammer of the water pump is gradually increased with the increase of the opening time of the butterfly valve. The blade angle should be selected to be-3.. 4. To carry out the single-objective optimization scheduling study: for the operation characteristics of the large-scale cascade pump station, in combination with the transient flow analysis of the system and the analysis of the operation reliability of the water pump, the control target with the minimum pumping cost of the system is established, and the flow distribution is the decision-making. The single objective real-time optimal scheduling model of variable is introduced, and the immune thought is introduced on the basis of the particle swarm optimization algorithm. An example study shows that the hybrid particle swarm algorithm enhances the activity of the particles, expands the searching range of the space, improves the search precision, and enhances the ability of the particle swarm optimization to avoid the 鈥減recocious puberty鈥，

本文編號：2329135