【摘要】：我國(guó)正處于實(shí)現(xiàn)全面建成小康社會(huì)宏偉目標(biāo)、加快推進(jìn)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)進(jìn)程的重要時(shí)期，水不僅是基礎(chǔ)性的自然資源，更是戰(zhàn)略性的經(jīng)濟(jì)資源。然而水資源短缺、水環(huán)境惡化等問題暴露，已對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展形成了巨大挑戰(zhàn)。特別是工業(yè)用水量的大幅度增加，使得我國(guó)原本就非常突出的水資源供求矛盾更加尖銳�？茖W(xué)評(píng)價(jià)我國(guó)工業(yè)用水的變化趨勢(shì)及其節(jié)水能力，對(duì)于實(shí)施最嚴(yán)格的水資源管理制度、有效化解水資源危機(jī)具有重大意義。通過節(jié)水評(píng)價(jià)，工業(yè)企業(yè)用水和節(jié)水將被更有效地監(jiān)督；根據(jù)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果，工業(yè)節(jié)水各個(gè)薄弱環(huán)節(jié)將被針對(duì)性地改善；運(yùn)用激勵(lì)機(jī)制，工業(yè)節(jié)水將具有長(zhǎng)期性、可持續(xù)性。 本文在以往零散的工業(yè)節(jié)水評(píng)價(jià)研究基礎(chǔ)上，系統(tǒng)地整理、分析、篩選了有效的工業(yè)節(jié)水評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)和評(píng)價(jià)模型，針對(duì)工業(yè)用水企業(yè)和政府有關(guān)部門這兩個(gè)主體分別設(shè)計(jì)了兩套關(guān)聯(lián)的工業(yè)節(jié)水評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系，并運(yùn)用層次分析法和熵權(quán)法、物元評(píng)價(jià)模型等方法對(duì)兩者工業(yè)節(jié)水進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。同時(shí)分析了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平、工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、工業(yè)水價(jià)和節(jié)水制度等多個(gè)影響因素于工業(yè)節(jié)水的作用。此外，還比較了本文的綜合指標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià)體系和以往雙指標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià)的結(jié)果差別，依據(jù)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果分析了本文的優(yōu)勢(shì)所在。工業(yè)節(jié)水評(píng)價(jià)機(jī)制是保證工業(yè)節(jié)水評(píng)價(jià)有效、持續(xù)進(jìn)行的后盾。故本文在兩套評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系的基礎(chǔ)上，通過用水企業(yè)和政府進(jìn)行工業(yè)節(jié)水評(píng)價(jià)的成本收益分析，在企業(yè)和政府兩個(gè)主體之間運(yùn)用博弈模型設(shè)計(jì)了具有激勵(lì)性的評(píng)價(jià)制度來協(xié)調(diào)該評(píng)價(jià)體系的發(fā)揮和運(yùn)作。 研究成果顯示，工業(yè)水價(jià)、節(jié)水投資和節(jié)水機(jī)制是造成地區(qū)間工業(yè)節(jié)水績(jī)效和節(jié)水動(dòng)力差異的重要原因。本文的多指標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià)體系不僅涵蓋工業(yè)行業(yè)的用水效率，也容納了政府宏觀上對(duì)工業(yè)用水管理的要點(diǎn)，能更全面提升企業(yè)和政府在工業(yè)節(jié)水方面長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的績(jī)效。政府有關(guān)部門在監(jiān)管企業(yè)工業(yè)節(jié)水時(shí)，罰款是短期內(nèi)必要手段，但長(zhǎng)期來看，，需要鼓勵(lì)和支持企業(yè)的節(jié)水投資，并獎(jiǎng)罰并存，實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)的工業(yè)節(jié)水。 本文創(chuàng)新之處在于：（1）構(gòu)建了分別面向企業(yè)和政府的兩套工業(yè)節(jié)水評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系，相輔相成，“推”“拉”結(jié)合，補(bǔ)充了以往只評(píng)價(jià)企業(yè)工業(yè)節(jié)水或只評(píng)價(jià)城市節(jié)水的缺憾，使工業(yè)節(jié)水評(píng)價(jià)更完整；（2）應(yīng)用上述兩套評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系進(jìn)行定量評(píng)價(jià)不僅得到了更具節(jié)水導(dǎo)向的評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果，而且驗(yàn)證了指標(biāo)體系的合理性和可行性；（3）不僅提出了具有可操作性的指標(biāo)體系進(jìn)行工業(yè)節(jié)水評(píng)價(jià)，同時(shí)也應(yīng)用兩套指標(biāo)體系的主體之間的博弈，提出保證節(jié)水評(píng)價(jià)可行的評(píng)價(jià)制度，以激勵(lì)的、有效的評(píng)價(jià)機(jī)制在工業(yè)節(jié)水領(lǐng)域內(nèi)運(yùn)作，真正做到可持續(xù)的節(jié)水。
[Abstract]:China is in an important period of realizing the grand goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way and speeding up the process of modernization. Water is not only a basic natural resource, but also a strategic economic resource. However, the shortage of water resources and the deterioration of water environment have posed a great challenge to the sustainable development of economy and society. Especially the large increase of industrial water consumption makes the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources more acute. It is of great significance to scientifically evaluate the changing trend of industrial water use and its water-saving ability for the implementation of the strictest water resources management system and the effective resolution of the water resources crisis. Through water saving evaluation, industrial enterprises' water use and water saving will be supervised more effectively; according to the evaluation results, the weak links of industrial water saving will be improved pertinently; using incentive mechanism, industrial water saving will be long-term and sustainable. On the basis of scattered industrial water-saving evaluation, this paper systematically arranges, analyzes and selects effective evaluation indexes and models of industrial water-saving. Two sets of related industrial water-saving evaluation index systems are designed for industrial water enterprises and government departments respectively. The methods of AHP entropy weight and matter-element evaluation model are used to evaluate industrial water-saving. At the same time, the influence factors such as economic development level, industrial structure, industrial water price and water saving system are analyzed. In addition, the differences between the comprehensive index evaluation system and the previous double-index evaluation results are compared, and the advantages of this paper are analyzed based on the evaluation results. Industrial water-saving evaluation mechanism is the effective and sustainable backing to ensure industrial water-saving evaluation. Therefore, on the basis of two sets of evaluation index system, this paper analyzes the cost and benefit of industrial water-saving evaluation by water enterprises and government. An incentive evaluation system is designed to coordinate the performance and operation of the evaluation system by using the game model between the enterprise and the government. The research results show that industrial water price, water saving investment and water saving mechanism are the important reasons for the difference of industrial water saving performance and water saving power among different regions. The multi-index evaluation system of this paper not only covers the efficiency of water use in industrial industries, but also accommodates the key points of the government's macro-management of industrial water use, which can comprehensively improve the long-term performance of enterprises and governments in industrial water saving. When the relevant government departments supervise the industrial water saving of enterprises, the fine is a necessary means in the short term, but in the long run, it is necessary to encourage and support the enterprises' water-saving investment, and the rewards and penalties coexist to realize the sustainable industrial water-saving. The innovation of this paper lies in: (1) constructing two sets of industrial water-saving evaluation index system for enterprises and governments, which complement each other, "push" and "pull" the combination, It complements the shortcomings of only evaluating industrial water saving in enterprises or only evaluating urban water saving in order to make industrial water saving evaluation more complete. (2) the application of the above two sets of evaluation index system to quantitative evaluation not only obtains more water-saving guidance evaluation results, but also verifies the rationality and feasibility of the index system; (3) not only the operable index system is put forward for industrial water-saving evaluation, but also the game between the main bodies of the two sets of index systems is used to put forward an evaluation system to ensure the feasibility of water-saving evaluation. Effective evaluation mechanism in the field of industrial water-saving operation, truly sustainable water-saving.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TV213.4;F424.1

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 石巖;唐運(yùn)平;許丹宇;侯

本文編號(hào)：2317511