【摘要】：大壩,作為國(guó)家重要的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施之一,在洪水預(yù)防,蓄水發(fā)電、農(nóng)田灌溉等諸多方面發(fā)揮著重要的作用。大壩潰決后引發(fā)的洪水會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的人員傷亡和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。對(duì)大壩潰壩過(guò)程進(jìn)行模擬不但可以得到洪水發(fā)生的位置,也可以為災(zāi)害的預(yù)防和降低災(zāi)害所造成的損失提供寶貴的信息。本文對(duì)三維潰壩模擬系統(tǒng)所涉及的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行研究,設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)一款可用于模擬大壩潰壩和洪水推進(jìn)的三維潰壩模擬系統(tǒng)。水流推進(jìn)模擬是三維潰壩模擬系統(tǒng)中最為關(guān)鍵的部分。本文使用光滑粒子流體動(dòng)力學(xué)(SPH)方法對(duì)納維-斯托克斯(NS)方程進(jìn)行求解,通過(guò)這樣來(lái)模擬水體流動(dòng)。在求解過(guò)程中,考慮到數(shù)字高程模型的特點(diǎn),決定使用碰撞-反射法對(duì)SPH方法中所存在的邊界問(wèn)題進(jìn)行處理。為了改善計(jì)算效率和計(jì)算精度,本文采用了固定光滑長(zhǎng)度與鏈表法對(duì)相鄰粒子進(jìn)行搜索。最后通過(guò)蛙跳積分法計(jì)算粒子的速度和位置。要實(shí)現(xiàn)一款大壩潰壩模擬系統(tǒng),所涉及的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)有:地形數(shù)據(jù)處理與可視化、大壩可視化、水流推進(jìn)模擬與可視化、觀察視角控制。地形可視化和大壩可視化均是讀取對(duì)應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)并進(jìn)行可視化顯示。水流模擬與可視化使用SPH方法計(jì)算水流推進(jìn)結(jié)果并將計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行可視化顯示。觀察視角控制則允許使用者對(duì)場(chǎng)景進(jìn)行拖拽、旋轉(zhuǎn)和縮放。本文對(duì)這四項(xiàng)技術(shù)一一進(jìn)行了研究,設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)了一款三維潰壩模擬系統(tǒng)。系統(tǒng)以O(shè)penGL作為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行圖形顯示,并使用C#和C++兩種編程語(yǔ)言完成整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)。為了測(cè)試本文所實(shí)現(xiàn)的三維潰壩模擬系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行情況,總共進(jìn)行了三項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)。前兩項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)用來(lái)測(cè)試水流推進(jìn)算法的正確性,第三項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)用來(lái)全面測(cè)試該三維潰壩模擬系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行情況。從結(jié)果上看,三項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)均取得了令人滿意的結(jié)果。大壩發(fā)生潰壩之前,用來(lái)模擬水流的粒子群被大壩阻止在上游。當(dāng)大壩發(fā)生潰壩后,粒子群會(huì)順著潰壩缺口向下流動(dòng),且隨著時(shí)間的推移,大壩下游受影響區(qū)域越來(lái)越大。同時(shí)用戶可以通過(guò)改變觀察視角從不同的角度觀察潰壩過(guò)程。三維潰壩模擬系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)均得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:As one of the most important infrastructure of the country, the dam plays an important role in the aspects of flood prevention, water storage and power generation, farmland irrigation and so on. The flood caused by the dam break will cause serious casualties and property damage. The simulation of the dam break-up process can not only get the location of the flood, but also provide valuable information for the disaster prevention and the loss of the disaster. This paper studies the key technology involved in the three-dimensional dam break simulation system, and designs and implements a three-dimensional dam break simulation system which can be used to simulate the dam break and flood. The simulation of water flow propulsion is the most critical part of the three-dimensional dam break simulation system. In this paper, a smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is used to solve the Navier-Stokes (NS) equation, and the flow of water is simulated by this method. In the process of solving, considering the characteristics of the digital elevation model, it is decided to use the collision-reflection method to deal with the boundary problems existing in the SPH method. In order to improve the calculation efficiency and the calculation accuracy, the fixed smooth length and the linked list method are used to search the adjacent particles. and finally, the speed and the position of the particles are calculated through the frog-jump integration method. In order to realize a dam break-up simulation system, the key technologies involved are: the terrain data processing and visualization, the visualization of the dam, the simulation and visualization of the water flow, and the observation of the visual angle control. Both the terrain visualization and the dam visualization are the reading of the corresponding data and the visual display. The water flow simulation and visualization use the SPH method to calculate the water flow propulsion results and visualize the calculation results. The viewing angle control allows the user to drag, rotate, and scale the scene. In this paper, the four technologies are studied, and a three-dimensional dam break simulation system is designed and implemented. The system uses OpenGL as the base for graphic display, and uses C # and C ++ to complete the development of the whole system. In order to test the operation of the three-dimensional dam-break simulation system, a total of three experiments were carried out. The first two experiments were used to test the correctness of the water flow propulsion algorithm, and the third experiment was used to comprehensively test the operation of the three-dimensional dam break simulation system. From the results, the three experiments have obtained satisfactory results. The group of particles used to simulate the flow of water was blocked upstream by the dam before the dam broke. When the dam breaks, the particle swarm will flow down along the dam break, and the area of the dam will be affected more and more over time. At the same time, the user can observe the dam-break process from different angles by changing the observation angle. The key technology of the three-dimensional dam break simulation system is realized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV698.237

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本文編號(hào)：2316173