【摘要】：水庫大壩潰決經(jīng)常帶來災(zāi)難性的損失，而山洪誘發(fā)的中小型水庫潰決在潰壩事故中占有相當(dāng)?shù)谋壤�，越來越受到國�?nèi)外專家學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注。本文收集了1991~2013年23年間289座水庫大壩的潰壩案例，從不同的方面，對(duì)水庫大壩潰決事件進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì)分析，結(jié)果顯示在所有水庫潰壩事件中，，基本上都是中小型水庫潰壩，無大型水庫潰決。從潰壩類型方面分析，土石壩有278座，占統(tǒng)計(jì)總數(shù)的96.2%，而其中的大部分水庫的潰決由于山區(qū)突發(fā)性暴雨洪水所致。因此，對(duì)山洪誘發(fā)的土石壩潰決開展洪水風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析計(jì)算與相關(guān)研究，具有重要的價(jià)值與實(shí)際意義，研究內(nèi)容包括以下幾個(gè)方面： 1．分析山洪災(zāi)害的成因及特性，并針對(duì)收集的1991~2013年全國所有水庫潰壩案例，分別從潰壩年份、省份分布、水庫規(guī)模、大壩類型、壩高、工程狀態(tài)、潰壩原因等方面進(jìn)行全面的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析；總結(jié)了瞬間全部潰壩、瞬間部分潰壩、逐漸潰壩三種潰壩形式，并分析得出土石壩的潰壩形式為逐漸潰壩。 2．基于FORTRAN編程語言，構(gòu)建了二維水動(dòng)力學(xué)計(jì)算模型，在分析天津市靜�？h賈口洼蓄滯洪區(qū)相關(guān)資料的基礎(chǔ)上，利用蓄滯洪區(qū)內(nèi)1954年和1963年歷史洪水對(duì)該模型進(jìn)行了參數(shù)率定與模型驗(yàn)證。 3．結(jié)合工程實(shí)際，以寧夏靈武市旗眼山水庫為例，應(yīng)用論文中涉及到的研究方法與計(jì)算模型，對(duì)旗眼山水庫進(jìn)行潰壩計(jì)算、潰壩洪水在大河子溝內(nèi)的一維演進(jìn)計(jì)算以及在靈武市區(qū)西北方向的二維演進(jìn)計(jì)算，結(jié)合GIS技術(shù)，直觀的展示潰壩洪水的淹沒范圍、淹沒水深等洪水風(fēng)險(xiǎn)要素，并對(duì)潰壩洪水進(jìn)行洪水風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析。
[Abstract]:Reservoir dam failure often brings disastrous losses, and the small and medium-sized reservoir failure caused by mountain torrents occupies a considerable proportion in dam break accidents, which has been paid more and more attention by experts and scholars at home and abroad. In this paper, 289 dam failure cases from 1991 to 2013 are collected and analyzed statistically from different aspects. The results show that in all reservoir dam-break events, they are basically small and medium-sized ones. No large reservoir burst. From the analysis of dam break type, there are 278 earth-rock dams, which account for 96.22um of the total number of statistics, and most of them are caused by sudden torrential rain and flood in mountainous areas. Therefore, it is of great value and practical significance to carry out flood risk analysis and calculation and related research on the earth and rock dam collapse induced by mountain torrents. The research contents include the following aspects: 1. Analysis of the causes and characteristics of mountain torrents, According to all the cases collected from 1991 to 2013, the author makes a comprehensive statistical analysis from the year of dam break, distribution of provinces, reservoir size, dam type, dam height, engineering status, cause of dam break, etc. There are three kinds of dam-break forms: instantaneous partial dam-break and gradual dam-break, and the analysis shows that the dam-break form of earth-rock dam is gradual dam-break. 2. Based on the FORTRAN programming language, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic calculation model is constructed. Based on the analysis of the relevant data of Jiakouwa flood storage area in Jinghai County, Tianjin, By using the historical floods of 1954 and 1963 in the flood storage and detention area, the parameters of the model were determined and the model was verified. 3. Taking the Qiyan Mountain Reservoir in Lingwu City of Ningxia as an example, using the research method and calculation model involved in the paper, the dam break calculation of the Qiyan Mountain Reservoir is carried out. The one-dimensional routing calculation of dam-break flood in Dahezigou and the two-dimensional routing calculation in northwest of Lingwu district, combined with GIS technology, can directly show the flood risk factors such as flood submergence scope and flood depth, etc. The flood risk of dam break flood is analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV122.4

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