【摘要】：隨著水電建設的發(fā)展，經(jīng)過水電人長期的研究和實踐，已經(jīng)有較為成熟的手段來解決水電站水力學問題。而作為水電工程引水系統(tǒng)的主要部分，調(diào)壓室仍然是學者們和設計研究單位關注的焦點。在設計階段，調(diào)壓室尺寸和類型的確定必須根據(jù)水電工程的具體環(huán)境和條件，并通過水力過渡過程的計算來確定和驗證，而調(diào)壓室阻力損失系數(shù)的確定準確與否對計算其水力過渡過程有著很大的影響。如果不能正確地判斷和選擇其水力特性參數(shù)，不僅會影響水電站的安全穩(wěn)定，甚至將直接導致整個工程項目的失敗。過去對調(diào)壓室阻力損失系數(shù)的研究主要是通過對水電站調(diào)壓室相似變換建立物理模型，采用實驗手段開展研究。隨著計算機硬件和軟件技術的提高，越來越多的學者們使用計算流體動力學（Computational Fluid Dynamics，CFD）技術研究調(diào)壓室內(nèi)部流場。 影響調(diào)壓室阻力損失系數(shù)的主要因素有：調(diào)壓室的結(jié)構(gòu)、尺寸及調(diào)壓室連接方式等。本文以FLUENT流體計算軟件為計算平臺，對調(diào)壓室模型進行流場數(shù)值模擬，分析連接管長度和阻力損失系數(shù)的關系，并對某國外水電站調(diào)壓室進行數(shù)值模擬，將結(jié)果應用到該水電站水力過渡過程計算中。 本文主要工作及成果如下： 1.應用FLUENT對兩種典型調(diào)壓室模型進行流場數(shù)值模擬，與有關文獻提出的試驗結(jié)果對比分析，兩者數(shù)值曲線比較吻合，驗證了FLUENT數(shù)值計算模擬在調(diào)壓室阻力損失系數(shù)研究中的可行性。 2.對阻抗式調(diào)壓室流場數(shù)值模擬中，比較了監(jiān)測面在距離分岔處3倍管徑和5倍管徑兩個位置對阻力損失系數(shù)模擬計算的影響。通過分析，在阻抗式調(diào)壓室阻力損失系數(shù)研究中兩者差距很小，監(jiān)測面一般選取在距離分岔處3倍管徑位置處即可。 3.對連接管長度不同的四個阻抗式調(diào)壓室模型進行了分析研究，研究連接管長度與阻力損失系數(shù)的關系。對比模擬數(shù)據(jù)，結(jié)果隨著連接管長度的增加，阻抗式調(diào)壓室阻力損失系數(shù)也在增加，相應增加部分可認為是其連接管長度的沿程阻力損失。 4.根據(jù)國外某水電站調(diào)壓室實際尺寸，，對其阻力損失系數(shù)進行數(shù)值模擬，計算出不同分流比下的調(diào)壓室阻力損失系數(shù)，并應用到水電站水力過渡過程計算中。
[Abstract]:With the development of hydropower construction, through the long-term research and practice of hydropower people, there are more mature means to solve hydraulic problems of hydropower stations. As the main part of water diversion system of hydropower project, surge chamber is still the focus of scholars and design research units. In the design stage, the size and type of the surge chamber must be determined and verified according to the specific environment and conditions of the hydropower project and through the calculation of the hydraulic transition process. The determination of resistance loss coefficient of surge chamber has a great influence on the calculation of hydraulic transition process. If the hydraulic characteristic parameters can not be judged and selected correctly, it will not only affect the safety and stability of the hydropower station, but also lead to the failure of the whole project directly. In the past, the study of resistance loss coefficient of surge chamber was mainly based on the physical model of the similar transformation of surge chamber of hydropower station, and the research was carried out by means of experiment. With the improvement of computer hardware and software technology, more and more scholars use computational fluid dynamics (Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD) technology to study the flow field in the pressure regulating chamber. The main factors affecting the resistance loss coefficient of the surge chamber are the structure, size and connection mode of the surge chamber. In this paper, the flow field of the surge chamber model is simulated on the platform of FLUENT fluid calculation software, the relationship between the length of the connecting pipe and the coefficient of resistance loss is analyzed, and the numerical simulation of the surge chamber of a foreign hydropower station is carried out. The results are applied to the calculation of the hydraulic transition process of the hydropower station. The main work and results are as follows: 1. The flow field of two typical surge chamber models is simulated by FLUENT. The numerical curves of the two models are in good agreement with the experimental results proposed in the relevant literature. The feasibility of FLUENT numerical simulation in the study of resistance loss coefficient of surge chamber is verified. 2. In the numerical simulation of the flow field of the impedance surge chamber, the influence of the three and five times diameter of the monitoring surface on the simulation calculation of the resistance loss coefficient is compared at the distance bifurcation. Through analysis, the difference between the two factors in the study of resistance loss coefficient of impedance surge chamber is very small, and the monitoring surface is usually selected at the position of 3 times tube diameter at the distance bifurcation. In this paper, four impedance surge chamber models with different connection length are analyzed, and the relationship between the connection length and resistance loss coefficient is studied. Compared with the simulation data, the results show that the resistance loss coefficient of the impedance surge chamber increases with the increase of the length of the connecting pipe, and the corresponding increase part can be regarded as the resistance loss along the length of the connecting pipe. According to the actual size of the surge chamber of a hydropower station abroad, the resistance loss coefficient of the surge chamber is numerically simulated, and the resistance loss coefficient of the surge chamber under different diffluence ratios is calculated and applied to the hydraulic transient calculation of the hydropower station.
【學位授予單位】：西華大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV732.5

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