【摘要】：大伙房水庫(kù)位于中國(guó)東北部,是遼寧省重要的的水源地之一,保護(hù)水庫(kù)的水質(zhì)對(duì)于遼寧省的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定具有重要的戰(zhàn)略意義。大伙房水庫(kù)屬于山區(qū)河谷型水庫(kù),注入上游的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)有可能需要很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間才能到達(dá)下游區(qū)域,這使得營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的輸運(yùn)時(shí)間對(duì)于水體的水質(zhì)狀況有著重要影響。因此深入研究大伙房水庫(kù)的水動(dòng)力特征,綜合分析不同因素對(duì)于大伙房水庫(kù)輸運(yùn)時(shí)間的影響顯得尤為重要。本文采用數(shù)值模擬的方法對(duì)大伙房水庫(kù)的水動(dòng)力特征以及輸運(yùn)時(shí)間的影響因素進(jìn)行了研究。 本文首先利用基于結(jié)構(gòu)化網(wǎng)格的環(huán)境水動(dòng)力模型EFDC (Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code),綜合考慮風(fēng)、表層熱通量以及入庫(kù)徑流,建立了大伙房水庫(kù)三維水動(dòng)力模型。通過(guò)對(duì)比水位和溫度的模擬值與實(shí)測(cè)值對(duì)模型進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,驗(yàn)證結(jié)果表明建立的水動(dòng)力模型能夠很好地再現(xiàn)水庫(kù)水位的升降規(guī)律和溫度的分層一-混合變化過(guò)程。 然后利用建立的水動(dòng)力模型,對(duì)大伙房水庫(kù)水體的水齡進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬研究,綜合分析了徑流、風(fēng)、表層熱通量及水位變化對(duì)于水齡的影響。結(jié)果表明徑流是影響水齡的主要因素,僅有徑流驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí),在高、平均、低流量下,溢洪道處水體的水齡分別為53.93天、126.96天、458.78天,河道橫斷面上中間水齡小、兩側(cè)水齡大。風(fēng)對(duì)水體輸運(yùn)時(shí)間的影響主要通過(guò)風(fēng)生流和風(fēng)生混合的作用體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。同時(shí)考慮徑流和風(fēng)的作用時(shí),水齡沿河道橫斷面的差異減小,在垂向上水齡則是完全均一的。與僅考慮徑流時(shí)的水齡相比,深水河道處的水齡增加值高于其它河道處水齡的增加值,流量較大時(shí),風(fēng)對(duì)下游水體的水齡影響較大,而流量較小時(shí),風(fēng)對(duì)上游水體的水齡影響較大。表層熱通量對(duì)輸運(yùn)時(shí)間的影響主要通過(guò)密度流和溫躍層體現(xiàn)出來(lái),當(dāng)考慮表層熱通量的作用時(shí),水齡在局部區(qū)域沿水平方向的差異減小,在垂向上呈現(xiàn)表層水齡小、底層水齡大的分層特征,并且越往下游表底層差異越大。表層熱通量對(duì)表層水體的水齡影響較小,對(duì)底層水體的水齡影響較大。水位變化通過(guò)改變水體的溫度結(jié)構(gòu)從而影響著水體的水齡,水位降低時(shí),水齡整體減小,而且水齡垂向上的差異減小,水位變化對(duì)底層和下游水體水齡的影響強(qiáng)于對(duì)表層和上游水體水齡的影響。 通過(guò)已經(jīng)建立的水動(dòng)力模型,研究了流量變化對(duì)于滯留時(shí)間的影響。計(jì)算結(jié)果表明：在庫(kù)區(qū)河道上,距離大壩越遠(yuǎn),滯留時(shí)間越大,當(dāng)?shù)販魰r(shí)間越小,而且當(dāng)?shù)販魰r(shí)間和對(duì)應(yīng)區(qū)域的滯留時(shí)間的差別越大。滯留時(shí)間和當(dāng)?shù)販魰r(shí)間隨時(shí)間的變化服從指數(shù)分布,當(dāng)流量低于平均流量時(shí),滯留時(shí)間和當(dāng)?shù)販魰r(shí)間隨流量減小而急劇增大。
[Abstract]:Dahuofang Reservoir is located in the northeast of China and is one of the important water sources in Liaoning Province. Protecting the water quality of the reservoir is of great strategic significance to the economic development and social stability of Liaoning Province. Dahuofang Reservoir belongs to the valley type reservoir in mountainous area. It may take a long time for the nutrient injected upstream to reach the downstream area, which makes the transport time of nutrients have an important impact on the water quality. Therefore, it is very important to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of Dahuofang Reservoir and analyze the influence of different factors on the transportation time of Dahuofang Reservoir. In this paper, the hydrodynamic characteristics of Dahuofang Reservoir and the influence factors of transportation time are studied by numerical simulation method. In this paper, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of Dahuofang Reservoir is established based on structured grid based environmental hydrodynamic model (EFDC (Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code), considering wind, surface heat flux and inflow runoff. The model is verified by comparing the simulated and measured values of water level and temperature. The results show that the hydrodynamic model can well reproduce the fluctuation law of reservoir water level and the process of stratified and mixed variation of temperature. Then the hydrodynamic model is used to simulate the water age of Dahuofang Reservoir and the effects of runoff wind surface heat flux and water level on water age are analyzed. The results show that runoff is the main factor affecting water age. When runoff is only driven by runoff, the water age at spillway is 53.93 days, 126.96 days and 458.78 days, respectively, under the condition of high, average and low discharge, the middle age of river channel is small, and the water age of both sides is large. The influence of wind on water transport time is mainly reflected by wind-induced flow and wind-induced mixing. At the same time considering the effect of runoff and wind the difference of the cross section along the river channel decreases and the water age is uniform in vertical direction. Compared with the water age when only considering the runoff, the increase value of the water age in the deep water channel is higher than that in the other rivers. When the discharge is larger, the wind has a greater influence on the water age of the downstream water body, but the flow rate is smaller. Wind has a great influence on the water age of upstream water body. The effect of surface heat flux on transport time is mainly reflected by density flow and thermocline. When the effect of surface heat flux is considered, the difference of water age along horizontal direction decreases in local area, and the surface water age is small in vertical direction. The delamination characteristics of the lower water age, and the greater the difference between the bottom layer and the downstream surface. The influence of surface heat flux on water age of surface water is small, and that on water age of bottom water is greater. The variation of water level affects the water age by changing the temperature structure of the water body. When the water level decreases, the water age decreases as a whole, and the vertical difference of water age decreases. The influence of water level change on water age of bottom and downstream water is stronger than that on surface and upstream water age. Based on the established hydrodynamic model, the effect of flow rate change on residence time is studied. The calculation results show that the farther away from the dam, the larger the detention time, the smaller the local detention time, and the greater the difference between the local detention time and the corresponding region. When the flow rate is lower than the average flow rate, the residence time and the local residence time increase sharply with the decrease of the flow rate.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV697

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本文編號(hào)：2214559