【摘要】：胸墻,是水利工程中最常見的工程細(xì)部結(jié)構(gòu)之一,利用胸墻可以擋水,降低閘門尺寸和啟閉機(jī)力,增加閘室橫向剛度,提高工程的可靠性和安全性。胸墻分為簡支形式和固支形式,其中簡支式胸墻與閘墩分開澆筑,在工程設(shè)計(jì)中一般按簡支計(jì)算；固支式胸墻與閘墩同期澆筑,工程設(shè)計(jì)中按兩端固支計(jì)算。然而兩種計(jì)算方法的假設(shè)均不完善,計(jì)算比較粗略,與實(shí)際情況不相符,因?yàn)樾貕εc閘墩的連接不能簡單的看成簡支和固支連接。胸墻設(shè)置的是否合理經(jīng)濟(jì)將直接影響工程的安全運(yùn)行和工程建成后的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。因此有必要對胸墻的結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算進(jìn)行研究,完善其設(shè)計(jì)理論和方法,同時(shí)也對閘室結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算理論的進(jìn)一步完善有著重要意義。 本文,以典型的板式胸墻結(jié)構(gòu)為例： 首先,建立了單孔水閘有限元模型,針對簡支和固支兩種情況來比較分析；結(jié)果得出在迎水面一側(cè),固支式胸墻端部產(chǎn)生較大拉應(yīng)力,簡支式拉應(yīng)力數(shù)值較小,應(yīng)力分布比較均勻；在背水面一側(cè),胸墻中部產(chǎn)生較大拉應(yīng)力,且簡支式大于固支式。 其次,為了找出材料力學(xué)或結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)(以下僅簡單用材料力學(xué)代替)計(jì)算方法中不符合實(shí)際情況的地方,本文將有限元軟件計(jì)算的彎矩與材料力學(xué)方法計(jì)算的彎矩進(jìn)行了比較,尋找兩種計(jì)算方法所得結(jié)果的規(guī)律。經(jīng)分析比較發(fā)現(xiàn),在固支情況下,材料力學(xué)計(jì)算得出的結(jié)果與有限元方法計(jì)算得出的結(jié)果存在一定的聯(lián)系,并且前者大后者很多,說明材料力學(xué)計(jì)算方法偏保守。而在簡支情況下,材料力學(xué)是認(rèn)為端部是為零的,但是有限元計(jì)算得出的端部彎矩并不為零,說明材料力學(xué)方法在端部不符合實(shí)際情況。也就是說簡支式胸墻并不能簡單看成簡支連接。 最后,本文建立了兩孔的水閘整體有限元模型,并與單孔胸墻應(yīng)力進(jìn)行比較,分析結(jié)果得到整體情況下胸墻由于受側(cè)土壓力,其應(yīng)力要比單孔的大,應(yīng)力狀態(tài)更復(fù)雜�？梢娬麄�(gè)閘室兩側(cè)對胸墻應(yīng)力的影響是不能忽略的。
[Abstract]:The chest wall is one of the most common detail structures in water conservancy projects. The use of the chest wall can keep water, reduce the size of the gate and the force of the hoist, increase the lateral stiffness of the gate chamber, and improve the reliability and safety of the project. The chest wall is divided into simple supporting form and fixed support form, in which the simple supported chest wall and the pier are poured separately, generally calculated according to the simple support in the engineering design, and the fixed supporting chest wall and the pier are poured simultaneously, and in the engineering design, the fixed support is calculated according to the two ends. However, the assumptions of the two methods are not perfect, the calculation is rough, and not in accordance with the actual situation, because the connection between the chest wall and the pier can not be simply regarded as simple support and fixed connection. Whether the chest wall is reasonable or not will directly affect the safe operation of the project and the economic benefits after the project is completed. Therefore, it is necessary to study the structure calculation of the chest wall, improve its design theory and method, at the same time, it is of great significance for the further improvement of the structural calculation theory of the gate chamber. In this paper, a typical plate-type chest wall structure is taken as an example: firstly, a finite element model of single-hole sluice is established to compare and analyze the two cases of simple support and fixed support. Large tensile stress is produced at the end of the retaining chest wall, and the stress distribution of the simply supported chest wall is more uniform than that of the simple support type, while on the back side of the water surface, the central part of the chest wall produces a large tensile stress, and the simple support type is larger than the fixed support type. Secondly, in order to find out where the calculation method of mechanics of materials or structural mechanics (which is simply replaced by mechanics of materials) does not accord with the actual situation, the bending moment calculated by finite element software is compared with the moment calculated by the method of mechanics of materials. To find out the law of the results obtained by two calculation methods. Through analysis and comparison, it is found that the results of material mechanics calculation are related to the results obtained by finite element method in the case of fixed support, and the former is a lot of the latter, which shows that the calculation method of material mechanics is conservative. In the case of simple support, the end of the material mechanics is considered to be zero, but the end moment calculated by the finite element method is not zero, which indicates that the method of material mechanics is not in line with the actual situation in the end part. In other words, simply supported chest wall can not be seen simply as a simple support connection. Finally, the whole finite element model of the sluice with two holes is established and compared with the stress of the single hole chest wall. The analysis results show that the stress of the chest wall is larger than that of the single hole because of the lateral earth pressure, and the stress state is more complex. It can be seen that the influence of the two sides of the gate chamber on the stress of the chest wall can not be ignored.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV66

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