壓力式明渠流量在線自動(dòng)檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-18 09:03
【摘要】：眾所周知，我國(guó)是一個(gè)擁有十三億人口的大型發(fā)展中國(guó)家，我國(guó)的28000億立方米的淡水資源平均到每位人身上，只達(dá)到了世界人均水平的25%，是世界上最缺乏淡水資源的國(guó)家之一，現(xiàn)在環(huán)境的污染以及不科學(xué)的用水都在造成水資源的高度浪費(fèi)。而且農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)在我國(guó)一直占有重要的地位，灌溉用水占了農(nóng)業(yè)用水的很大比重，農(nóng)田灌溉的不合理也是造成農(nóng)業(yè)用水浪費(fèi)的主要原因。由于明渠流量測(cè)量在農(nóng)田灌溉中占有至關(guān)重要的作用，直接影響著農(nóng)田灌溉的用水效率和灌區(qū)管理的能力，所以研究一種新型的明渠量水設(shè)備和方法是確保減少農(nóng)田水資源浪費(fèi)的重要手段�，F(xiàn)階段存在的各種測(cè)流設(shè)備和裝置有的成本高，有的安裝使用復(fù)雜，有的要求操作人員技術(shù)水平高等，使用都有局限性。所以根據(jù)分析我國(guó)量水現(xiàn)狀，以及參閱大量文獻(xiàn)后，本論文提出設(shè)計(jì)了一種壓力式明渠流量在線自動(dòng)檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)。本裝置點(diǎn)流速的測(cè)量是基于伯努利方程，，結(jié)合左右移動(dòng)的傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)，實(shí)現(xiàn)點(diǎn)流速到線流速到面流速的測(cè)量，并且通過(guò) 流速面積法‖得到流量。本系統(tǒng)主要包括自主研制的測(cè)流裝置、機(jī)械傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)裝置、單片機(jī)、步進(jìn)電機(jī)、上位機(jī)五部分。 本文詳細(xì)的介紹了壓力式明渠流量在線自動(dòng)檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的整體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、測(cè)流裝置的設(shè)計(jì)、機(jī)械傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)、硬件電路的設(shè)計(jì)、軟件的設(shè)計(jì)、以及試驗(yàn)和數(shù)據(jù)分析，主要完成了以下幾項(xiàng)內(nèi)容： （1）針對(duì)測(cè)流現(xiàn)狀以及其他測(cè)流裝置存在的問(wèn)題，根據(jù)本系統(tǒng)的使用需求，設(shè)計(jì)研制了一種壓力式測(cè)流裝置，并組成了一個(gè)可以實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè)和監(jiān)視的測(cè)流系統(tǒng)。 （2）設(shè)計(jì)了該測(cè)流系統(tǒng)的機(jī)械機(jī)構(gòu)，包括測(cè)流裝置的外部結(jié)構(gòu)和機(jī)械傳動(dòng)裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)。 （3）設(shè)計(jì)了本測(cè)流系統(tǒng)的硬件電路部分，主要有：信息采集模塊、傳動(dòng)模塊、電源模塊和顯示模塊，包括元器件的選擇，電路的設(shè)計(jì)，PCB電路板的制作。 （4）編寫了本系統(tǒng)軟件部分的程序，包括下位機(jī)和上位機(jī)軟件，以及二者之間的通信軟件。 （5）對(duì)系統(tǒng)的硬件和軟件分別進(jìn)行了調(diào)試，完成調(diào)試后操作了試驗(yàn)，分析了試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)，證明了此系統(tǒng)的可行性和準(zhǔn)確性。 （6）根據(jù)本設(shè)計(jì)的過(guò)程和心得提出了改進(jìn)方案和未來(lái)展望。 該測(cè)流系統(tǒng)操作簡(jiǎn)單，受外界條件干擾小且適用性強(qiáng)，成本低，減少了人力浪費(fèi)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了測(cè)流的完全自動(dòng)化，對(duì)明渠流量自動(dòng)化檢測(cè)行業(yè)提供了參考和使用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:As we all know, China is a large developing country with a population of 1.3 billion. Our country's 2.8 trillion cubic meters of fresh water resources, on average, reach every person, reaching only 25 percent of the world's per capita level. China is one of the countries with the most scarce fresh water resources in the world. Environmental pollution and unscientific water use are now leading to a high level of waste of water resources. And agricultural production has been playing an important role in our country, irrigation water accounts for a large proportion of agricultural water use, the unreasonable farmland irrigation is also the main cause of agricultural water waste. As the open channel flow measurement plays an important role in farmland irrigation, it has a direct impact on the efficiency of irrigation water and the ability of irrigation area management. Therefore, the study of a new open channel water measuring equipment and method is an important means to reduce the waste of farmland water resources. At present, there are some high cost, complex installation, high technical level and so on for all kinds of current measuring equipments and devices, all of which are limited in use. Based on the analysis of the current situation of water measurement in China and the reference to a large number of literatures, this paper proposes the design of a pressure open channel flow online automatic detection system. The measurement of point velocity in this device is based on Bernoulli equation and combined with the driving mechanism of left and right movement to realize the measurement of point velocity to line velocity to surface velocity and the flow rate is obtained by the method of velocity area. This system mainly includes five parts: self-developed current measuring device, mechanical transmission device, single chip microcomputer, step motor and upper computer. This paper introduces in detail the overall structure design, the design of the current measuring device, the design of the mechanical transmission mechanism, the design of the hardware circuit, the design of the software, the test and the data analysis of the pressure open channel flow on-line automatic detection system. The main contents are as follows: (1) in view of the current situation of current measurement and the problems existing in other current measuring devices, according to the requirements of the system, a pressure current measuring device is designed and developed. A current measuring system which can be detected and monitored in real time is formed. (2) the mechanical mechanism of the current measuring system is designed. It includes the external structure of the current measuring device and the structure of the mechanical transmission device. (3) the hardware circuit of the current measuring system is designed, which includes: information acquisition module, transmission module, power supply module and display module. Including the selection of components, circuit design, PCB circuit board fabrication. (4) the software part of the system is programmed, including the lower computer and upper computer software, And the communication software between them. (5) the hardware and software of the system are debugged, after debugging, the test is operated, and the test data are analyzed. The feasibility and accuracy of the system are proved. (6) according to the process and experience of this design, the improvement scheme and future prospect are proposed. The system is simple in operation, small in interference from external conditions, strong in applicability and low in cost. It reduces the waste of manpower, realizes the complete automation of flow measurement, and provides a reference and practical value for the open channel flow automatic detection industry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TV133;P332.4
本文編號(hào)：2189003
[Abstract]:As we all know, China is a large developing country with a population of 1.3 billion. Our country's 2.8 trillion cubic meters of fresh water resources, on average, reach every person, reaching only 25 percent of the world's per capita level. China is one of the countries with the most scarce fresh water resources in the world. Environmental pollution and unscientific water use are now leading to a high level of waste of water resources. And agricultural production has been playing an important role in our country, irrigation water accounts for a large proportion of agricultural water use, the unreasonable farmland irrigation is also the main cause of agricultural water waste. As the open channel flow measurement plays an important role in farmland irrigation, it has a direct impact on the efficiency of irrigation water and the ability of irrigation area management. Therefore, the study of a new open channel water measuring equipment and method is an important means to reduce the waste of farmland water resources. At present, there are some high cost, complex installation, high technical level and so on for all kinds of current measuring equipments and devices, all of which are limited in use. Based on the analysis of the current situation of water measurement in China and the reference to a large number of literatures, this paper proposes the design of a pressure open channel flow online automatic detection system. The measurement of point velocity in this device is based on Bernoulli equation and combined with the driving mechanism of left and right movement to realize the measurement of point velocity to line velocity to surface velocity and the flow rate is obtained by the method of velocity area. This system mainly includes five parts: self-developed current measuring device, mechanical transmission device, single chip microcomputer, step motor and upper computer. This paper introduces in detail the overall structure design, the design of the current measuring device, the design of the mechanical transmission mechanism, the design of the hardware circuit, the design of the software, the test and the data analysis of the pressure open channel flow on-line automatic detection system. The main contents are as follows: (1) in view of the current situation of current measurement and the problems existing in other current measuring devices, according to the requirements of the system, a pressure current measuring device is designed and developed. A current measuring system which can be detected and monitored in real time is formed. (2) the mechanical mechanism of the current measuring system is designed. It includes the external structure of the current measuring device and the structure of the mechanical transmission device. (3) the hardware circuit of the current measuring system is designed, which includes: information acquisition module, transmission module, power supply module and display module. Including the selection of components, circuit design, PCB circuit board fabrication. (4) the software part of the system is programmed, including the lower computer and upper computer software, And the communication software between them. (5) the hardware and software of the system are debugged, after debugging, the test is operated, and the test data are analyzed. The feasibility and accuracy of the system are proved. (6) according to the process and experience of this design, the improvement scheme and future prospect are proposed. The system is simple in operation, small in interference from external conditions, strong in applicability and low in cost. It reduces the waste of manpower, realizes the complete automation of flow measurement, and provides a reference and practical value for the open channel flow automatic detection industry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TV133;P332.4
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