【摘要】：干旱是洞庭湖區(qū)長期以來面臨的嚴(yán)重自然災(zāi)害之一,給周邊人們的生產(chǎn)生活造成了極大的影響.針對2006和2011年洞庭湖區(qū)發(fā)生的極端干旱事件,借助遙感影像大范圍、時空連續(xù)的優(yōu)勢,結(jié)合湖區(qū)水文氣象等觀測資料,從時空兩方面闡釋了洞庭湖在典型干旱年份水域分布及變化過程,進(jìn)一步從溫度、降水、徑流以及蓄水量等方面對比分析不同干旱事件發(fā)生、發(fā)展過程的一致性和差異性.研究結(jié)果表明:2006年干旱大致從7月開始,至12月結(jié)束.水面淹沒范圍由湖心向周邊擴(kuò)展,到7月達(dá)到最大值,8月提前進(jìn)入枯水期,減小范圍主要集中在東洞庭湖外圍和南洞庭湖的北邊.2006年干旱屬于由入湖徑流減少主導(dǎo)的水文干旱事件;2011年的干旱則從4月開始,至11月結(jié)束,在9月以后干旱繼續(xù)加重.水面淹沒范圍在6月急劇增大且一直到8月都維持在較高的水平,漲水期水面由中心向四周淹沒,退水期水面變化范圍與漲水期相反.2011年干旱是由流域降水減少引起的水文和氣象干旱事件.研究結(jié)果揭示了洞庭湖區(qū)干旱成因的多樣性和復(fù)雜性,對于制定科學(xué)合理的干旱災(zāi)害防范措施,減緩區(qū)域的生態(tài)環(huán)境問題等具有一定的指導(dǎo)和借鑒意義.
[Abstract]:Drought is one of the serious natural disasters in Dongting Lake area for a long time. In view of the extreme drought events that occurred in Dongting Lake region in 2006 and 2011, with the advantage of large range of remote sensing images and continuous time and space, combined with hydrometeorological and other observation data in the lake area, The distribution and variation process of Dongting Lake in typical arid years are explained from two aspects of time and space, and the consistency and difference of the occurrence and development process of different drought events are compared and analyzed from the aspects of temperature, precipitation, runoff and water storage. The results show that the drought began in July and ended in December. The submerged area of the water extends from the center of the lake to the periphery, reaching its maximum value in July and entering the dry season in August. The drought in 2006 is a hydrological drought event dominated by runoff reduction. The drought in 2011 began in April and ended in November, and the drought continued to worsen after September. The area of water submergence increased sharply in June and remained at a relatively high level until August. During the rising period, the water surface was submerged from the center to the surrounding area. The range of water surface variation in the receding period is opposite to that in the flood period. The drought in 2011 is a hydrological and meteorological drought event caused by the decrease of precipitation in the watershed. The results reveal the diversity and complexity of the causes of drought in Dongting Lake area, which have certain guiding and referential significance for the formulation of scientific and reasonable preventive measures against drought disasters and the alleviation of ecological and environmental problems in the region.
【作者單位】： 中國科學(xué)院南京地理與湖泊研究所中國科學(xué)院流域地理學(xué)重點實驗室;中國科學(xué)院大學(xué);
【基金】：國家重點基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展計劃“973”項目(2012CB417003) 中國科學(xué)院南京地理與湖泊研究所“一三五”戰(zhàn)略發(fā)展規(guī)劃項目(NIGLAS2012135001)聯(lián)合資助
【分類號】：P333;P343.3

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本文編號：2167713