豎軸潮流能水輪機(jī)水動(dòng)力性能的研究與實(shí)驗(yàn)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-01 08:39
【摘要】：化石燃料的大量使用造成了環(huán)境惡化和常規(guī)能源枯竭,世界各國都在尋找替代能源。與其他類型的替代能源相比,潮流能擁有可再生、可預(yù)測(cè)、對(duì)環(huán)境和視覺的影響較小等優(yōu)勢(shì),獲得了廣泛的重視。潮流能水輪機(jī)是從潮流中提取能量的裝置。根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)形式,潮流能水輪機(jī)可分為豎軸水輪機(jī)和水平軸水輪機(jī)。相比水平軸水輪機(jī),豎軸水輪機(jī)有一些獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì),如工作不受流向影響、維護(hù)簡單、發(fā)電機(jī)艙不影響水輪機(jī)流場(chǎng)、噪聲低不易空化等,吸引了許多學(xué)者的注意。但也有一些問題阻礙了豎軸水輪機(jī)的應(yīng)用,如較差的自啟動(dòng)性能、相對(duì)低的獲能效率、輸出脈動(dòng)等。本文針對(duì)豎軸水輪機(jī)獲能效率低、自啟動(dòng)性能差、輸出及荷載脈動(dòng)的缺點(diǎn),通過數(shù)值模擬與物理模型試驗(yàn)研究了水輪機(jī)葉片端部渦流、不同水輪機(jī)葉片排列形式、水輪機(jī)加裝流體增速裝置的水動(dòng)力特性。成果應(yīng)用在15 kW豎軸潮流能試驗(yàn)裝置上并進(jìn)行了實(shí)海況試驗(yàn),獲得了較好的效果。本文主要內(nèi)容如下:通過三維機(jī)翼理論研究了水輪機(jī)葉片端部渦流的產(chǎn)生機(jī)理與影響因素,探索在水輪機(jī)葉片端部加裝端板來抑制葉片端部渦流、進(jìn)而提升水輪機(jī)獲能的改進(jìn)方法。通過物理模型試驗(yàn)和數(shù)值模擬(Ansys Fluent軟件)研究了三葉片水輪機(jī)的水動(dòng)力特性,基于葉片旋轉(zhuǎn)過程中端部渦流的影響范圍設(shè)計(jì)了端板形狀,通過數(shù)值模擬與物理模型試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了加裝端板提升水輪機(jī)獲能的有效性。在完整端板形狀的基礎(chǔ)上將端板減半,通過減阻和調(diào)節(jié)葉片兩側(cè)壓力分布來進(jìn)一步提升水輪機(jī)性能。以數(shù)值模擬研究了水輪機(jī)加裝內(nèi)半邊與外半邊端板時(shí)的水動(dòng)力性能,分析了加裝內(nèi)半邊與外半邊端板時(shí)水輪機(jī)葉片的輸出特性與作用機(jī)理。以物理模型試驗(yàn)方法研究了不同葉片數(shù)的單層葉片水輪機(jī)獲能效率隨尖速比變化規(guī)律,通過計(jì)算水輪機(jī)在不同停止位置時(shí)的水動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)矩來判斷水輪機(jī)的自啟動(dòng)性能。使用耦合式數(shù)值模擬方法研究了一種新式的雙層六葉片水輪機(jī)的水動(dòng)力性能,分析了其內(nèi)層葉片半徑及相位差角變化時(shí)對(duì)水輪機(jī)獲能、負(fù)載特性和自啟動(dòng)性能的影響。以數(shù)值模擬研究了不同扭轉(zhuǎn)角同軸雙轉(zhuǎn)子水輪機(jī)的自啟動(dòng)性能、獲能效率及輸出特性,并與同展長的三葉片水輪機(jī)進(jìn)行了比較�；诓煌问剿啓C(jī)的性能特點(diǎn),對(duì)其適用范圍進(jìn)行了分析�；趯�(dǎo)流罩和擴(kuò)散器原理設(shè)計(jì)了結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、易于建造且適應(yīng)往復(fù)流向的聚流增速裝置,通過數(shù)值模擬與物理模型試驗(yàn)研究了其在水槽中的增速效果,并進(jìn)行了二維、三維開敞環(huán)境的數(shù)值模擬,以使結(jié)果具有普遍性�；谌S開敞環(huán)境的數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果,分析了不同流向時(shí)擴(kuò)張板長度與角度變化對(duì)增速裝置內(nèi)部增速效果的影響,以及增速裝置所受軸向力的大小。使用耦合式數(shù)值模擬方法研究了三葉片水輪機(jī)加裝增速裝置前后水輪機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)尖速比區(qū)間、水輪機(jī)獲能效率、負(fù)載特性及葉片輸出沿方位角分布的變化,并分析了擴(kuò)張板角度與長度變化對(duì)水輪機(jī)性能的影響。在實(shí)際海域?qū)σ慌_(tái)采用60°扭轉(zhuǎn)角同軸雙轉(zhuǎn)子水輪機(jī)、裝機(jī)容量為15 kW的豎軸潮流能發(fā)電裝置性能進(jìn)行測(cè)試。基于海試數(shù)據(jù),分析了水輪機(jī)的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)尖速比區(qū)間及最優(yōu)尖速比,高潮位與低潮位期間的平均獲能效率、發(fā)電量及對(duì)應(yīng)潮流周期的容量因數(shù),自啟動(dòng)流速的分布,及系統(tǒng)獲能效率隨流速的變化。海試后期在水輪機(jī)展向一側(cè)加裝了增速裝置,分析了加裝增速裝置后水輪機(jī)的性能變化。通過二維數(shù)值模擬研究了隔流板及支撐樁柱對(duì)水輪機(jī)性能的影響,及由水輪機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)誘導(dǎo)引起的流速測(cè)量偏差,并對(duì)水輪機(jī)性能進(jìn)行修正估算。海試過程中觀察到波浪作用和海洋生物附著可能對(duì)潮流能機(jī)組的運(yùn)行產(chǎn)生威脅,流速脈動(dòng)和水輪機(jī)負(fù)載調(diào)控失效會(huì)造成水輪機(jī)停機(jī),在未來潮流能發(fā)電項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)建造及運(yùn)行過程中應(yīng)予以注意。
[Abstract]:The large use of fossil fuels has caused environmental degradation and the depletion of conventional energy. All countries in the world are looking for alternative energy. Compared with other types of alternative energy, the power flow can be regenerated, predictable, and less affected on the environment and vision. According to the structure form, the power flow turbine can be divided into vertical shaft turbine and horizontal shaft water turbine. Compared with horizontal axis water turbine, vertical shaft water turbine has some unique advantages, such as the work is not affected by the flow direction, maintenance is simple, the generator cabin does not affect the flow field of the turbine, the noise is low and it is not easy to cavitation, but it has attracted the attention of many scholars. But there is also a lot of attention. Some problems impede the application of vertical shaft turbine, such as poor self starting performance, relatively low energy efficiency, output pulsation, etc. This paper aims at the shortcomings of low energy efficiency, poor self starting performance, and output and load pulsation of vertical shaft turbines. Through numerical simulation and physical model test, the eddy current at the end of turbine blades and different turbine blades are studied by numerical simulation and physical model test. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the hydraulic turbine with a fluid speed increase device are applied to the hydraulic turbine. The results are applied to the 15 kW vertical axis power flow test device and the actual sea condition test is carried out. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the formation mechanism and influence factors of the vortex at the end of the turbine blade are studied by the three-dimensional wing theory, and the water is explored in the water. At the end of the turbine blade, the end plate is installed to restrain the vortex in the end of the blade and improve the energy of the turbine. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the three leaf turbine are studied by the physical model test and the numerical simulation (Ansys Fluent software). The end plate shape is designed based on the influence range of the end swirl in the process of blade rotation. The simulation and physical model test verify the effectiveness of the installed end plate to improve the energy of the turbine. The end plate is halved on the basis of the complete end plate shape. The hydraulic performance of the turbine is further improved by reducing the resistance and regulating the pressure distribution on both sides of the blade. The hydrodynamic performance of the hydraulic turbine when adding the inner half side and the outer half end plate is studied by numerical simulation. The output characteristics and action mechanism of the turbine blade are analyzed with the inner and outer half side plates. The physical model test method is used to study the change law of the energy efficiency with the tip speed ratio of the single blade turbine with different number of blades. By calculating the hydrodynamic torque of the turbine at different stopping positions, the self starting performance of the turbine is judged. The hydrodynamic performance of a new double deck six blade turbine is studied by the coupled numerical simulation method. The influence of the inner blade radius and the phase difference angle on the power, load and self starting performance of the turbine is analyzed. The self starting performance of the coaxial double rotor hydraulic turbine with different torsional angles is studied by numerical simulation. The efficiency and output characteristics are compared with the three leaf turbine with the same length. Based on the performance characteristics of different types of turbine, the scope of its application is analyzed. Based on the principle of the guide cover and diffuser, a simple structure is designed, which is easy to build and adapts to the flow direction of the reciprocating flow. The numerical simulation and physical model are used. In order to make the result universally, the effect of the length and angle of the expansion plate on the growth rate of the inner part of the speed increase device, as well as the axis of the speed increasing device, are analyzed by numerical simulation of the two-dimensional and three-dimensional open environment. The coupling numerical simulation method is used to study the speed ratio interval of the turbine running tip and the change of the energy efficiency, the load characteristic and the distribution of the blade output along the azimuth angle before and after the installation of the speed increase device of the three leaf blade turbine. The influence of the angle and length of the expansion plate on the performance of the turbine is analyzed. The performance of the vertical axis power flow power generation unit with a 60 degree torsion angle coaxial double rotor and a vertical shaft with a capacity of 15 kW is tested. Based on the sea test data, the average energy efficiency of the speed ratio interval and the optimal tip speed ratio, the average energy efficiency during the high tide and low tide level, the capacity factor of the power generation and the corresponding flow cycle are analyzed. The distribution of dynamic flow velocity and the change of the energy efficiency with the velocity of the system. In the later period of the sea test, the speed increase device was installed on the side of the turbine, and the performance changes of the turbine were analyzed after the acceleration device. The effect of the septum plate and the supporting post column on the performance of the hydraulic turbine and the flow velocity induced by the operation of the hydraulic turbine were studied by the two dimensional numerical simulation. In the process of sea test, it is observed that wave action and marine organism attachment may threaten the operation of the power flow power unit. The flow velocity fluctuation and the control failure of the hydraulic turbine load will cause the turbine to stop, and should be injected during the design, construction and operation of the power generation power generation project in the future. Meaning.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TK730.7
[Abstract]:The large use of fossil fuels has caused environmental degradation and the depletion of conventional energy. All countries in the world are looking for alternative energy. Compared with other types of alternative energy, the power flow can be regenerated, predictable, and less affected on the environment and vision. According to the structure form, the power flow turbine can be divided into vertical shaft turbine and horizontal shaft water turbine. Compared with horizontal axis water turbine, vertical shaft water turbine has some unique advantages, such as the work is not affected by the flow direction, maintenance is simple, the generator cabin does not affect the flow field of the turbine, the noise is low and it is not easy to cavitation, but it has attracted the attention of many scholars. But there is also a lot of attention. Some problems impede the application of vertical shaft turbine, such as poor self starting performance, relatively low energy efficiency, output pulsation, etc. This paper aims at the shortcomings of low energy efficiency, poor self starting performance, and output and load pulsation of vertical shaft turbines. Through numerical simulation and physical model test, the eddy current at the end of turbine blades and different turbine blades are studied by numerical simulation and physical model test. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the hydraulic turbine with a fluid speed increase device are applied to the hydraulic turbine. The results are applied to the 15 kW vertical axis power flow test device and the actual sea condition test is carried out. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the formation mechanism and influence factors of the vortex at the end of the turbine blade are studied by the three-dimensional wing theory, and the water is explored in the water. At the end of the turbine blade, the end plate is installed to restrain the vortex in the end of the blade and improve the energy of the turbine. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the three leaf turbine are studied by the physical model test and the numerical simulation (Ansys Fluent software). The end plate shape is designed based on the influence range of the end swirl in the process of blade rotation. The simulation and physical model test verify the effectiveness of the installed end plate to improve the energy of the turbine. The end plate is halved on the basis of the complete end plate shape. The hydraulic performance of the turbine is further improved by reducing the resistance and regulating the pressure distribution on both sides of the blade. The hydrodynamic performance of the hydraulic turbine when adding the inner half side and the outer half end plate is studied by numerical simulation. The output characteristics and action mechanism of the turbine blade are analyzed with the inner and outer half side plates. The physical model test method is used to study the change law of the energy efficiency with the tip speed ratio of the single blade turbine with different number of blades. By calculating the hydrodynamic torque of the turbine at different stopping positions, the self starting performance of the turbine is judged. The hydrodynamic performance of a new double deck six blade turbine is studied by the coupled numerical simulation method. The influence of the inner blade radius and the phase difference angle on the power, load and self starting performance of the turbine is analyzed. The self starting performance of the coaxial double rotor hydraulic turbine with different torsional angles is studied by numerical simulation. The efficiency and output characteristics are compared with the three leaf turbine with the same length. Based on the performance characteristics of different types of turbine, the scope of its application is analyzed. Based on the principle of the guide cover and diffuser, a simple structure is designed, which is easy to build and adapts to the flow direction of the reciprocating flow. The numerical simulation and physical model are used. In order to make the result universally, the effect of the length and angle of the expansion plate on the growth rate of the inner part of the speed increase device, as well as the axis of the speed increasing device, are analyzed by numerical simulation of the two-dimensional and three-dimensional open environment. The coupling numerical simulation method is used to study the speed ratio interval of the turbine running tip and the change of the energy efficiency, the load characteristic and the distribution of the blade output along the azimuth angle before and after the installation of the speed increase device of the three leaf blade turbine. The influence of the angle and length of the expansion plate on the performance of the turbine is analyzed. The performance of the vertical axis power flow power generation unit with a 60 degree torsion angle coaxial double rotor and a vertical shaft with a capacity of 15 kW is tested. Based on the sea test data, the average energy efficiency of the speed ratio interval and the optimal tip speed ratio, the average energy efficiency during the high tide and low tide level, the capacity factor of the power generation and the corresponding flow cycle are analyzed. The distribution of dynamic flow velocity and the change of the energy efficiency with the velocity of the system. In the later period of the sea test, the speed increase device was installed on the side of the turbine, and the performance changes of the turbine were analyzed after the acceleration device. The effect of the septum plate and the supporting post column on the performance of the hydraulic turbine and the flow velocity induced by the operation of the hydraulic turbine were studied by the two dimensional numerical simulation. In the process of sea test, it is observed that wave action and marine organism attachment may threaten the operation of the power flow power unit. The flow velocity fluctuation and the control failure of the hydraulic turbine load will cause the turbine to stop, and should be injected during the design, construction and operation of the power generation power generation project in the future. Meaning.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TK730.7
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