【摘要】：三峽工程為我國(guó)帶來(lái)了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,但同時(shí)水庫(kù)也改變了下游天然的水文情勢(shì),造成如四大家魚等魚類資源急劇下降。為探究水庫(kù)運(yùn)行對(duì)四大家魚產(chǎn)卵的影響,根據(jù)洪水脈沖理論,提出與洪水脈沖特征相關(guān)的若干個(gè)水文指標(biāo),并根據(jù)這些指標(biāo)對(duì)水庫(kù)下游宜昌站每年5-7月實(shí)際徑流過(guò)程進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì),經(jīng)Mann-Whitney U非參數(shù)檢驗(yàn)后找出產(chǎn)生顯著性變化的洪水平均漲、落歷時(shí)等指標(biāo)�；诖私⑺畮�(kù)多目標(biāo)生態(tài)調(diào)度模型,根據(jù)歷史洪水規(guī)律在模型中加入洪水脈沖歷時(shí)控制方法,計(jì)算不同權(quán)重分配下的水庫(kù)最優(yōu)發(fā)電效益及洪水最優(yōu)漲落歷時(shí),模型結(jié)果顯著增加了洪水漲落歷時(shí)且對(duì)發(fā)電效益影響甚微。延長(zhǎng)洪水漲落歷時(shí)為現(xiàn)階段的水庫(kù)生態(tài)調(diào)度提供了一種新的思路,但對(duì)四大家魚產(chǎn)卵的實(shí)際促進(jìn)作用仍需實(shí)踐檢驗(yàn)。
[Abstract]:The three Gorges Project has brought great economic benefits to our country, but at the same time, the reservoir has also changed the natural hydrological situation downstream, resulting in the sharp decline of fish resources such as the four big fish. In order to investigate the effect of reservoir operation on spawning of four big fish, according to flood pulse theory, several hydrological indexes related to flood pulse characteristics are put forward, and the actual runoff process in Yichang station downstream of the reservoir from May to July is counted according to these indexes. After Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test, the average rising and falling duration of flood were found out. Based on this, the multi-objective ecological regulation model of reservoir is established. According to the law of historical flood, the control method of flood pulse duration is added to the model to calculate the optimal power generation benefit and the optimal flood fluctuation duration of reservoir under different weight distribution. The results of the model significantly increase the duration of flood fluctuation and have little effect on power generation efficiency. Prolonging the duration of flood fluctuation provides a new way of thinking for reservoir ecological regulation at present, but the practical effect of promoting the spawning of four big fish still needs to be tested in practice.
【作者單位】： 華北電力大學(xué)可再生能源學(xué)院;
【基金】：“水資源高效開(kāi)發(fā)利用”國(guó)家重點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)(2016YFC0402200) 長(zhǎng)江科學(xué)院開(kāi)放研究基金資助項(xiàng)目(CKWV2015232/KY)
【分類號(hào)】：TV697.1

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