本文選題：彎道水流 + 水面橫比降�。� 參考：《工程科學與技術(shù)》2017年06期

【摘要】：在彎道水流中,幾何參數(shù)寬深比對水流的3維運動特性具有重要影響。由于小寬深比(5)河道廣泛存在于山區(qū)及人工河道中,采用聲速多普勒流速儀(ADV)對固定寬度不同寬深比(B/H分別為1.5,2.0,3.0)的U型彎道內(nèi)水流流速進行了精細測量,并以水面橫比降、橫向環(huán)流、流速重分布、紊動強度與剪切力為研究內(nèi)容,討論與分析了該情況下的彎道水流結(jié)構(gòu)。試驗結(jié)果表明,在小寬深比條件下增加寬深比時:1)水流動力軸線開始向凹岸偏移的位置提前,因而小流速主流線沿著凸岸流動,直到出彎道才開始向凹岸偏移,大流速則更早地向凹岸偏移;2)橫向流速在凹岸開始波動的位置依次靠近上游,3種工況中波動位置分別為120°斷面、90°斷面及60°斷面;3)凹岸表層附近出現(xiàn)次生環(huán)流的位置依次提前,其位置分別為120°斷面、60°斷面及30°斷面,并且次生環(huán)流強度及范圍不斷增大;4)床面剪切力不斷增大。需要指出的是:3種工況的剪切力在彎道入口斷面到彎頂斷面之間較大,最大剪切力位置均出現(xiàn)在彎道的前半段,可以推斷在動床中彎道泥沙在此段的沖刷比較嚴重;過彎頂斷面后,凸岸床面剪切力大于凹岸。試驗結(jié)果可以有效地反映不同小寬深比參數(shù)對彎道水流結(jié)構(gòu)的影響,并為該條件下的彎道泥沙沖淤研究提供參考。
[Abstract]:In the curved flow, the ratio of geometric parameters to depth has an important effect on the three-dimensional motion characteristics of the flow. Due to the existence of small width-depth ratio (5) channel in mountainous area and artificial channel, the flow velocity in U-shaped bend with fixed width and different aspect ratio (B / H = 1.5 / 2. 0 / 3) was measured by using the sound velocity Doppler velocimeter (ADV), and the flow velocity was dropped by the ratio of water surface to side. Transverse circulation, velocity redistribution, turbulent strength and shear force are the main contents of the study. The flow structure of curved channel is discussed and analyzed in this paper. The experimental results show that when the ratio of width to depth is increased at the ratio of width to depth, the position of the axis of flow power begins to shift to the concave bank ahead of time, so that the main flow line of small velocity flows along the convex bank, and does not begin to move to the concave bank until the bend is out. Large velocity shifts to the concave bank earlier.) the position of lateral velocity fluctuating near the top of the concave bank is 120 擄cross section 90 擄section and 60 擄cross section 3 respectively) the position of secondary circulation around the concave bank is earlier in turn, and the position of lateral velocity fluctuation is close to the upper reaches of the concave bank in turn, and the fluctuation position is 120 擄cross section 90 擄section and 60 擄section Xi 3 respectively. Its position is 120 擄section 60 擄section and 30 擄section respectively, and the secondary circulation intensity and range are increasing continuously. It should be pointed out that the shear force of the three working conditions is larger between the entrance section of the bend and the top section of the bend, and the position of the maximum shear force appears in the first half of the bend, so it can be inferred that the erosion of sediment in the bend in the moving bed is serious in this section. The shear force of the convex bank is greater than that of the concave bank. The experimental results can effectively reflect the influence of the parameters of different ratio of width to depth on the flow structure of bends and provide a reference for the study of sediment scouring and silting in bends under these conditions.
【作者單位】： 西安理工大學水利水電學院;西安理工大學西北旱區(qū)生態(tài)水利工程國家重點實驗室培育基地;
【基金】：國家自然科學基金資助項目(51579206) 陜西省自然科學基礎(chǔ)研究計劃資助項目(2015JM5201)
【分類號】：TV133

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