本文選題：生態(tài)需水 + 適宜生態(tài)流量�。� 參考：《鄭州大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：淮河流域河網(wǎng)復雜，水系眾多，流域內的河流水系在生態(tài)環(huán)境保護和經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著重要的作用，但淮河水資源開發(fā)利用率高，面臨著嚴重的水資源短缺、水環(huán)境污染問題，直接危及水生態(tài)安全及河流健康。從可持續(xù)發(fā)展的角度，需要為河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)預留充足的流量，但該流量具體應取多大是目前研究的熱點，并且如何通過現(xiàn)有條件來保障河流生態(tài)需水也是一個關鍵的問題。因此，本文在淮河典型河流水域開展生態(tài)需水及保障機制研究很有必要。 本文在總結國內外河流生態(tài)需水計算方法及其適用范圍的基礎上，選取合適的計算方法在淮河流域典型河流水域開展了生態(tài)需水研究，并依據(jù)計算結果及淮河流域面臨的生態(tài)問題和經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展趨勢，構建了淮河流域生態(tài)需水保障機制。主要研究內容包括： （1）淮河流域及典型河流水域資料的收集、整理。共收集了蚌埠水文站以上17個典型河流斷面1956-2008年的月流量資料，采用累積距平法與線性傾向估計法，對典型河流斷面流量的年際變化進行了分析；結合《1997-2011年淮河水資源公報》、《淮河流域水生態(tài)分區(qū)及生態(tài)保護與修復對策》等報告，對淮河流域水生態(tài)、水環(huán)境及經(jīng)濟情況進行了分析。 （2）河流生態(tài)需水計算方法分析�？偨Y國內外常用的河流生態(tài)需水計算方法及其適用范圍，并對這些方法進行對比分析。結合淮河流域河流特點，選取水力半徑法、Tennant法、7Q10法等作為淮河流域的河流生態(tài)需水計算方法。 （3）淮河典型河流生態(tài)需水研究。以淮河流域蚌埠水文站以上區(qū)域為研究區(qū)域，利用水力半徑法、Tennant法及7Q10法對17個典型河流斷面的適宜生態(tài)流量、最小生態(tài)流量及自凈流量進行了計算，并采用月（年）保證率設定法及魚類最小生存水位對不同方法的計算結果進行了驗證，表明計算結果比較合理。 （4）構建了淮河流域河流生態(tài)需水保障機制。基于水資源保障機制與生態(tài)環(huán)境保障機制的內容，結合淮河流域水生態(tài)問題，構建了包含河流生態(tài)需水管理制度、儲備機制、預警安全機制、生態(tài)補償機制等內容的生態(tài)需水保障機制，并針對淮河流域提出了改進方法。 （5）“河流生態(tài)需水計算軟件”開發(fā)。在河流生態(tài)需水計算方法的研究基礎上，采用MS Visual Basic6.0作為開發(fā)工具，面向對象，開發(fā)河流生態(tài)需水計算軟件，并在研究區(qū)進行應用，，為河流生態(tài)需水研究提供技術支撐。
[Abstract]:The river network in the Huaihe River basin is complex and the river system is numerous. The river system in the basin plays an important role in the ecological environment protection and economic and social development. However, the exploitation and utilization of water resources in the Huaihe River is high, and it is faced with serious water resources shortage. The pollution of water environment directly endangers water ecological safety and river health. From the point of view of sustainable development, it is necessary to reserve sufficient discharge for the river ecosystem, but how much of the flow should be taken as the focus of current research, and how to ensure the river ecological water demand through the existing conditions is also a key issue. Therefore, it is necessary to study the ecological water demand and guarantee mechanism in the typical river area of Huaihe River. The ecological water demand research was carried out in the typical river area of the Huaihe River Basin by selecting the appropriate calculation method. Based on the results of the calculation and the ecological problems and economic and social development trend of the Huaihe River Basin, the ecological water demand guarantee mechanism of the Huaihe River Basin was constructed. The main research contents include: 1) data collection and collation of Huaihe River Basin and typical river waters. The monthly discharge data of 17 typical river sections above Bengbu Hydrological Station from 1956 to 2008 were collected and the interannual variation of the cross section discharge of typical rivers was analyzed by using the cumulative anomaly method and the linear tendency estimation method. Based on the report of "Huaihe River Water Resources Bulletin 1997-2011" and "Huaihe River Basin Water Ecological zonation and Ecological Protection and Restoration measures", the water ecology, water environment and economic situation of Huaihe River Basin are analyzed. 2) the calculation method of river ecological water demand is analyzed. This paper summarizes the commonly used calculation methods of river ecological water demand and their applicable scope at home and abroad, and makes a comparative analysis of these methods. According to the river characteristics of Huaihe River Basin, the hydraulic radius method Tennant method and 7Q10 method are selected as the calculation methods of the river ecological water demand in the Huaihe River Basin. (3) the study on the ecological water requirement of the typical river of the Huaihe River. Taking the area above Bengbu hydrologic station in Huaihe River Basin as the study area, the suitable ecological discharge, minimum ecological discharge and self-net flow of 17 typical river sections were calculated by using the hydraulic radius method Tennant method and 7Q10 method. The calculation results of different methods are verified by the method of monthly (annual) guarantee rate and the minimum survival water level of fish. The results show that the calculation results are reasonable. Based on the contents of water resources guarantee mechanism and ecological environment guarantee mechanism, combined with the water ecological problems in Huaihe River Basin, this paper constructs a river ecological water demand management system, a reserve mechanism and an early warning security mechanism. The ecological water demand guarantee mechanism of ecological compensation mechanism and the improved method for Huaihe river basin are put forward. 5) the development of "river ecological water demand calculation software". Based on the research of river ecological water demand calculation method, using MS Visual basic 6.0 as the development tool, object-oriented, the river ecological water demand calculation software is developed and applied in the research area, which provides technical support for the river ecological water demand research.
【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV213.4

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 李麗娟,鄭紅星;海灤河流域河流系統(tǒng)生態(tài)環(huán)境需水量計算[J];地理學報;2000年04期

2 劉凌,董增川,崔廣柏,鄭孝宇;內陸河流生態(tài)環(huán)境需水量定量研究[J];湖泊科學;2002年01期

3 周解;;右江魚類產(chǎn)卵場調查研究[J];廣西水產(chǎn)科技;2000年03期

4 陳兆開;施國慶;毛春梅;李世涌;;珠江流域水環(huán)境生態(tài)補償研究[J];科技管理研究;2008年04期

5 郭新春;羅麟;姜躍良;王慶國;;西南山區(qū)小型河流生態(tài)需水量研究[J];人民長江;2008年18期

6 劉俊勇;張麗;張云;崔樹彬;;珠江流域水生態(tài)補償機制總體框架初步研究[J];人民珠江;2011年05期

7 廖四輝;程緒水;施勇;馬真臻;趙建世;王忠靜;;淮河生態(tài)用水多層次分析平臺與多目標優(yōu)化調度模型研究[J];水力發(fā)電學報;2010年04期

8 竇明;胡瑞;張永勇;左其亭;李桂秋;;淮河流域水資源承載能力計算及調控方案優(yōu)選[J];水力發(fā)電學報;2010年06期

9 徐志俠,王浩,陳敏建,唐克旺,王研;基于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)分析的河道最小生態(tài)需水計算方法研究(Ⅱ)[J];水利水電技術;2005年01期

10 粟曉玲,康紹忠;生態(tài)需水的概念及其計算方法[J];水科學進展;2003年06期

本文編號：2006313